RETROVIRIDAE

Question 1

What is the primary characteristic of Retroviridae?

Answer 1

Retroviridae are RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate.

Question 2

True or False: Retroviruses contain single-stranded RNA.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Retroviruses use the enzyme __________ to convert their RNA into DNA.

Answer 3

reverse transcriptase

Question 4

What type of genome do retroviruses have?

Answer 4

Single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)

Question 5

Name one well-known virus from the Retroviridae family.

Answer 5

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

Question 6

What is the role of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

Answer 6

It synthesizes DNA from the viral RNA genome.

Question 7

True or False: Retroviruses can integrate their DNA into the host genome.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

What is the significance of the provirus stage in retroviral replication?

Answer 8

It is when the viral DNA is integrated into the host’s genome.

Question 9

Multiple choice: Which of the following is NOT a component of retroviruses? A) Envelope B) Capsid C) Peptidoglycan D) RNA

Answer 9

C) Peptidoglycan

Question 10

What is the primary mode of transmission for HIV?

Answer 10

Through bodily fluids such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

Question 11

Fill in the blank: The retroviral genome is typically composed of __________ segments.

Answer 11

two

Question 12

True or False: All retroviruses are pathogenic.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What is the function of the viral envelope in retroviruses?

Answer 13

It helps the virus enter host cells by fusion with the cell membrane.

Question 14

Short answer: What disease is primarily associated with HIV?

Answer 14

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

Question 15

Multiple choice: Which enzyme is crucial for retroviral replication? A) DNA polymerase B) RNA polymerase C) Reverse transcriptase D) Ligase

Answer 15

C) Reverse transcriptase

Question 16

What is the difference between a simple and complex retrovirus?

Answer 16

Complex retroviruses have additional genes that code for regulatory proteins, while simple retroviruses do not.

Question 17

True or False: Retroviruses can only infect humans.

Answer 17

False

Question 18

Fill in the blank: The __________ protein is responsible for the assembly of new retroviral particles.

Answer 18

gag

Question 19

What is the primary target cell type for HIV?

Answer 19

CD4+ T cells

Question 20

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a method of preventing HIV transmission? A) Vaccination B) Antiretroviral therapy C) Hand washing D) Antibiotics

Answer 20

B) Antiretroviral therapy

Question 21

Short answer: What is the role of integrase in retroviral replication?

Answer 21

It facilitates the integration of viral DNA into the host genome.

Question 22

True or False: Retroviruses can be used in gene therapy.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the primary immune response to a retroviral infection?

Answer 23

The body produces antibodies against the virus.

Question 24

Fill in the blank: __________ is a common opportunistic infection associated with AIDS.

Answer 24

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Question 25

Multiple choice: Which retrovirus is known for causing cancer in animals? A) HIV B) FIV C) HTLV D) RSV

Answer 25

C) HTLV

Question 26

What does the term 'antiretroviral' refer to?

Answer 26

Medications used to treat viral infections by inhibiting the replication of retroviruses.

Question 27

True or False: Once integrated, retroviral DNA can remain dormant for years.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Short answer: How do retroviruses evade the immune system?

Answer 28

By rapidly mutating and altering their surface proteins.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: Retroviruses can be classified into __________ subfamilies.

Answer 29

three

Question 30

Multiple choice: Which of the following is a subfamily of Retroviridae? A) Orthomyxoviridae B) Betaretrovirus C) Picornaviridae D) Arenaviridae

Answer 30

B) Betaretrovirus

Question 31

True or False: All retroviruses have an envelope.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

What is the function of the 'env' gene in retroviruses?

Answer 32

It encodes the proteins that make up the viral envelope.

Question 33

Short answer: What is the main consequence of HIV infection if left untreated?

Answer 33

Progression to AIDS and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections.

Question 34

Fill in the blank: The __________ test is commonly used to diagnose HIV infection.

Answer 34

ELISA

Question 35

Multiple choice: What does the 'gag' gene encode in retroviruses? A) Envelope proteins B) Structural proteins C) Enzymes D) None of the above

Answer 35

B) Structural proteins

Question 36

True or False: Retroviruses can be engineered for therapeutic purposes.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

What is a key feature of the viral replication cycle of retroviruses?

Answer 37

The conversion of RNA into DNA through reverse transcription.