Retroviridae Flashcards

1
Q

反轉錄病毒科的特點為?

A
  1. 感染多種動物,但是通常僅限於單一宿主物種,很少跨物種感染。
  2. 引起疾病多樣態。
  3. 複製中需要反轉錄步驟。
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2
Q

Retroviridae的特性為?

A
  1. 2分子的正線狀單股RNA(2n基因組)
  2. 外殼有3層結構
  3. 具有enveloped(在環境中較不穩定)
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3
Q

Retroviridae在疾病中的特性為何?

A
  1. 與癌症的發生有關(oncogenic & 鑲嵌到宿主的gene)
  2. provirus
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4
Q

致癌型的反轉錄病毒感染的對象有哪些?

A

所有的脊椎動物,包括:
雞、近親交配小鼠、貓、牛

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5
Q

感染雞、小鼠、貓、牛的分別為哪些retroviruses?

A

雞 Avian: Alpharetrovirus
小鼠:Betaretrovirus
貓:Gammaretrovirus
牛:Deltaretrovirus

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6
Q

反轉錄病毒有哪些轉化細胞的方式?(解釋這些細胞轉化作用方式)

A
  1. Insertional Mutagenesis
  2. Oncogenic Capture
  3. Oncogenic Retrovirus Gene
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7
Q

Insertional Mutagenesis的致病方式為何?

A

Provirus插入宿主的gene裡 ➡️ Provirus有很強大的啟動子 ➡️ 如果插入的gene附近為原癌基因 ➡️ 不會被啟動的基因片段被啟動 ➡️ 導致細胞的轉化

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8
Q

Oncogenic Capture的致病機制為何?

A

病毒抓去細胞的原癌基因 ➡️ 鑲嵌到自己的基因中 ➡️ 傳給病毒子代 ➡️ 因為細胞的原癌基因會代替病毒的遺傳物質 ➡️ 造成病毒的複製缺陷 ➡️ 需要有另一個完整病毒(輔助病毒)共同感染細胞 ➡️ 才能複製

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9
Q

進行Oncogenic Capture的病毒中,有那種病毒是例外?

A

Alpharetrovirus Rous肉瘤病毒:除了有v-onc基因(病毒+oncogenic gene)之外,還有完整的反轉錄gene ➡️ 不需要輔助病毒就能進行複製 ➡️ 能快速導致腫瘤的發生。

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10
Q

細胞原癌基因只會在什麼類型的反轉錄病毒中出現?

A

簡單型反轉錄病毒(gene中直插入一個外來gene)

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11
Q

Oncogenic Retrovirus Gene的致病機制多限制於什麼病毒?

A

Deltaretrovirus & Betaretrovirus
例:綿羊Beta反轉錄病毒、地方性鼻腫瘤病毒、Jaagsiekte綿羊反轉錄病毒等

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12
Q

Endogenous Retrovirus代表了?

A
  1. 反轉錄病毒的基因會嵌入宿主細胞的基因體中 ➡️ 內源性反轉錄病毒
  2. 大多數的內源性反轉錄病毒具有多個突變
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