retroperitoneum and pelvis

Question 1

what is the anatomical location of kidney

Answer 1

• anterior to 11th and 12th ribs
• vertebrae level T12-L3
• right kidney slightly lower

Question 2

what is the innervation for kidney pain (renal canaliculi)- referred pain

Answer 2

pain is reffered to Cutaenous nerves supplying the ureter T11-L2
feel pain at T11-L2 dermatome

Question 3

what is the innervation of the adrenal glands

Answer 3

• preganglionic sympathetic fibers from spinal levels T8-L1

Question 4

what is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the quadratus lumborum

Answer 4

origin- iliac crest
insertion- transverse processes of L1-L4 vertebrae and the inferior posterior border of 12th rib
function- lateral flexion of spine
innervation- T12, L1-L4

Question 5

What is the origin, insertion, function, innervation of iliacus

Answer 5

• origin- illiac fossa
• insertion- lesser trochanter of the femur
• function- flex hip joint
• innervation femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Question 6

what is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the psoas major

Answer 6

• origin- transverse process of T12-L4
• insertion- lesser trochanter of the femur
• function- flex hip joint
• innervation- L1-L3

Question 7

what is the spinal nerve root for subcostal nerve

Answer 7

T12

Question 7

what is the origin, insertion, function and innervation of the psoas minor

Answer 7

• origin- bodies of T12 and L1
• insertion- iliopectineal eminance
  function- flex lumbar spine
  innervation- L1

Question 8

spinal nerve root for iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 8

• L1

Question 9

Spinal nerve root for ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 9

• L1

Question 10

spinal nerve root for genitofemoral nerve

Answer 10

• L1-L2

Question 11

spinal nerve root for lateral femoral cutaneous nerve

Answer 11

• L2-L3

Question 12

Spinal nerve root for femoral nerve

Answer 12

• l2-l4

Question 13

spinal nerve root for obturator nerve

Answer 13

• L2-L4

Question 14

what is the innervation of the pelvic diaphragm

Answer 14

• pudendal nerve
• branches of s4/s5

Question 15

where does the rectum begin

Answer 15

s3 level

Question 16

what is the innervation of rectum

Answer 16

sympathetic- lumbar splanchnic nerve
parsympathetic- pelvic splanchnic nerves (s2-s4)
sensory= parasympathetic pathway

Question 17

innervation of upper and lower anal canal

Answer 17

• upper = involuntary
  -lower= pudendal nerve (s4/s5)

Question 18

innervation of bladder

Answer 18

• parasympathetic- pelvic splanchnic nerves (s2-s4)
• sympathetic- hypogastric nerve (T10-L2)