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X. neuro ophthalmology > Retrochiasmal > Flashcards

Retrochiasmal Flashcards

1
Q

Optic Radiations: Parietal Lobe receives fibers from (upper/lower) retina, which controls the (upper/lower) VF.

A

Parietal: upper retina, lower VF

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2
Q

Optic Radiations: Temporal receives fibers from (upper/lower) retina, which controls the (upper/lower) VF.

A

Temporal: Lower retina, upper VF

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3
Q

Blood Supply: Optic Tract

A

Middle Cerebral Artery

(Specifically: Anterior Choroidal & Posterior Communicating)

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4
Q

Blood Supply: LGN

A

Branches of MCA and PCA

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5
Q

Blood Supply: Optic Radiations

A

MCA and PCA

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6
Q

Blood Supply: Calcarine Sulcus

A

Mostly PCA

MCA — anterior portion, corresponds with Macula

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7
Q

The more (anterior/posterior), the more congruous

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Retrochiasmal defects are always

A

homonymous

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9
Q

T/F: Congruity can only be assessed in an incomplete hemianopia

A

TRUE

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10
Q

Most common cause of RC-VF defects in children

A

Trauma and tumors

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11
Q

Most common cause of RC-VF defects in adults

A

Infarcts

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12
Q

Most common location of RC-VF defects in adults

A

Occipital lobe

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13
Q

Most common location of RC-VF defects in children

A

Optic radiations

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14
Q

TRUE/FALSE: there are more uncrossed than crossed fibers in the optic tract

A

FALSE: there are more crossed (53:47)

—> lesion in optic tract produces APD

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15
Q

T/F: VA is preserved in Optic Tract lesion

A

TRUE

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16
Q

Describe the pallor in optic tract lesion

A

Contralateral: bow tie
Ipsilateral: temporal atrophy

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17
Q

Abnormalities seen in Optic Tract lesion: (4)

A
  1. VA preserved
  2. Contralateral low-grade APD
  3. OU pallor
  4. Contralateral incongruous homonymous hemianopia
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18
Q

What role does LGN play in visual processing?

A

Organizes fibers and sends to visual cortex

19
Q

Ipsilateral layers of LGN

A

2, 3, 5

20
Q

Contralateral layers of LGN

A

1, 4, 6

21
Q

Describe defect and the lesion that would cause this defect

A

Quadruple sectoranopia

Occlusion of anterior choroidal artery (branch of MCA) —> infarcts in horns / hilum is spared

22
Q

Describe defect and the lesion that would cause this defect

A

Horizontal sectoranopia

Occlusion of posteriolateral choroidal artery (branch of PCA) —> infarction of hilum / spare horns

23
Q

Most common parietal lesion

A

Stroke

24
Q

Most common temporal lesion

A

Tumor

25
Q

“Pie in the sky”

A

Aka Upper Quadrantanopsia

(Contralateral) Temporal lobe defect

26
Q

Superior radiations originate from the _____ retina, corresponding with the ____ VF, travels through the _____ lobe and ends up in the ____ occipital lobe.

A

Superior retina (Inferior field) —> Parietal lobe —> Superior occipital

27
Q

Inferior radiations originate from the _____ retina, corresponding with the ____ VF, travels through the _____ lobe and ends up in the ____ occipital lobe.

A

Inferior retina (superior VF) —> temporal lobe (aka Meyer’s Loop) —> inferior occipital lobe

28
Q

Lesion in anterior Meyer’s Loop — what defect?

A

Lateral to vertical midline in superior field

29
Q

Lesion in posterior Meyer’s Loop — what defect?

A

Superior field: superior to horizontal midline

30
Q

Signs/Symptoms for Temporal Lobe/Meyer’s Loop defect (3)

A
  1. Visual agnosia
  2. Seizures
  3. Personality changes
31
Q

Signs/Symptoms for Parietal Lobe defect (3)

A
  1. Hemiparesis
  2. Aphasia/Acalculia
  3. Spatial distortion
32
Q

Parietal Lobe defect is denser (inf/sup)

A

Inf

33
Q

Temporal lobe defect is denser (inf/sup)

A

Sup

34
Q

Why might there be ON atrophy or GCC/NFL loss with optic radiation lesion?

A

Transynaptic retrograde degeneration

35
Q

Why might there be gaze preference with optic radiation lesion?

A

Looking away from hemianopia

36
Q

Cogan’s Spasticity of Conjugate Gaze

A

Abnormal Bells Phenomenon (up and away from lesion)

37
Q

Bells Phenomenon

A

Eyes up and out on force closure

38
Q

Visual Cortex aka…

A

Striate Cortex
Brodmann’s 17
V1

39
Q

Explain why macular sparing occurs

A

Dual blood supply from MCA/PCA

40
Q

Riddoch Phenomenon

A

Blindsight (HM, LP)

41
Q

Most common cause of occipital lobe hemianopia

A

PCA stroke

42
Q

TRUE/FALSE: PCA stroke —> macular sparing

A

Not necessarily, can be +/- sparing

43
Q

Most common cause of stroke

A

Embolus or thrombosis

44
Q

Ocular Managament for RC-VF defect (4)

A
  1. Low Vision
  2. Driving Recs
  3. Visual scanning/mobility training
  4. Prism

X. neuro ophthalmology (10 decks)

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