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RETRO Flashcards

1
Q

What enzyme does this virus family use to produce DNA intermediates from their RNA genome?

A

Reverse Transcriptase

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2
Q

An RNA-dependant DNA polymerase that is present within the virions of all members of the family.

A

Reverse Transcriptase

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3
Q

True or False

Retro viruses infect a wide variety of animals and humans , can produce latent infections, and are associated with certain types of cancers.

A

TRUE

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4
Q

Retro

ENVELOPED or NOT?

A

ENVELOPED

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5
Q

Name the 3 genes that all non defective retroviruses have.

A

GAG- encodes virion core proteins

POL- encodes reverse transcriptase and integrase

ENV- encodes the envelope proteins

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

How does the virus penetrate the cell membrane?

A

Membrane Fusion

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8
Q

Can the virus use endocytosis or exocytosis to gain entry inside the cell?

A

Endocytosis

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9
Q

Unlike HIV, Retros do not need a co factor.

True or False

A

False

Retro viruses may require a co receptor like HIV

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10
Q

What enzyme is used to intergrate the viral DNA into the host cellular chromosomal DNA ?

A

Integrase enzyme

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11
Q

Maturation of virions occurs by _________ through the host cell plasma membrane.

A

BUDDING

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12
Q

Assembly and packaging of viral protein, encapsidation or viral RNA occurs in the ___________.

A

Cytoplasm

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13
Q

_____________ is replicated with host genome and can be passed to daughter cells resulting in transmission from one generation to the next.

A

PROVIRUS

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14
Q

The replication of retros is accompanied by high mutation frequency that is due to the lack of _________________ by reverse transcriptase.

A

3’ to 5’ exonuclease proofreading mechanism

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15
Q

What are non pathogenic DNA stretches found widely in genome of most vertebraes that closely resemble retros?

A

Endogenous retroviruses

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16
Q

All RNA tumor viruses belong to the family Retroviridae.

TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE TRUE TRUE

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17
Q

What gene does the acute transforming retroviruses carry that makes them directly oncogenic by having the power of unregulated expression and are under the control of viral LTRs?

A

v-onc

Remember: c onc/proto oncogenes are host genes that encode important cell signaling porducts that regulate normal cell proliferation

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18
Q

What gene does the virus loose during recombination and what gene does the virus aquire?

A

Looses its own ENV gene

Gains the host PROTO-ONCOGENE

Note: This makes v-onc containing viruses unable to synthesize a complete envelope, are replication defective and must associate with non defective viruses to replicate

**EXCEPTION: Rous sarcoma virus **

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19
Q

A type of Retrovirus that does not contain the v-onc gene.

A

Slow/Chronic Transforming Retrovirus

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20
Q

Etiology

Bovine Leukemia

(Enzootic Bovine Leukosis)

A

Deltaretrovirus

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21
Q

What is the unique sequence in Bovine Leukemia Virus that is not of host cell origin between ENV and 3’LTR?

A

pX

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22
Q

What is the regulatory protein that is encoded in the pX region, activates the replication of BLV and contributes to the induction of lymphoma(oncogenesis)?

A

Tax protein

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23
Q

In what cells is the Bovine Leukemia virus mostly present?

A

B lymphocytes

Therefore can be found in blood, milk and tumor masses.

24
Q

Name the 6 modes of transmission for the Bovine Leukemia Virus

*Remember virus is in B lymphocytes, so how can B lymphocytes be transmitted*

A
  1. Blood Transfusion
  2. Iatrogenic
  3. Rectal Palpation
  4. Mechanically by blood sucking insects
  5. Vertical(in utero)
  6. Colostrum or milk
25
What cells and what immunoglobulin are the primary target of Bovine Leukemia Virus?
B Lympohocytes that express IgM
26
What 2 ways does Bovine Leukemia virus **escape immune elimination**?
1. By controlling viral gene expression in vivo 2. Promoting cells survival by **inhibiting apoptosis**
27
Cattle with BoLA-Aw7 alleles are: **resistant or susceptible** to Bovine Leukemia Virus?
BoLA-Aw**7** RESISTANT TO THAT SHIT! 7 is God's favorite number = good= resistant
28
Cattle with BoLA-Aw12 alleles are: **resistant or susceptible ** to Bovine Leukemia Virus?
BoLA-Aw12 allele SUSCEPTIBLE :( Poor Cow
29
Primary infection of Bovine Leukemia virus gives of what kind of clinical signs?
Asymptomatic or flu like
30
When can you detect the levels of antibodies after infection of Bovine Leukemia Virus?
4 to 12 weeks after exposure
31
In what phase of pathogenesis of BLV lasts for several months/years, the animal shows no signs, and they become latent carriers of the infection? Primary Phase Persistant Infection Persistant Lymphocytosis Tumor Phase
PERSISTANT INFECTION Lucky cows to be persistantly infected but show no signs.
32
Persistant lymphocytosis and benign proliferation of B lymphocytes are characteristcs of what pahse of Bovine Leukemia Virus?
**Persistant Lymphocytosis** Morbidity, weakness and opportunistic infections
33
In what phase of pathogenesis does the animal infected with Bovine Leukemia begin to develop lymphosarcomas?
TUMOR PHASE Animal undergoes sudden death because of hemorrhage of the spleen.
34
True or False: Seropositive(persistantly infected) animals with or without persistant lymphocytosis may develop lymphosarcoma.
TRUE TRUE TRUE
35
What is the age range of cattle where the tumor phase of Bovine Leukemia usually observed?
4-8 years of age = Tumor Phase
36
Bovine Leukemia can cause lesions in which of the following area**s** in cattle: \*More than one option\* Vagina Digestive Tract Eye Lymph nodes Liver & Kidney Lungs & Heart
Digestive Tract Lymph Nodes Liver & Kidney Lungs & Heart \*That includes the ABOMASUM\*
37
38
An increase in the absolute number of peripheral blood circulating B-lymphocytes(above 10,000/mm).
Persistant Lymphocytosis
39
What 2 viral proteins will the cattle continously have antibodies against and can be detected in their serum when doing AGID test?
Major Internal(p24) and Envelope(gp51)
40
Identification of cattle infected with Bovine Leukemia virus can be done by using what serological test?
AGID Test
41
Once you identify the seropositive animals for Bovine Leukemia, what should you do IMMEDIATELY?
KILL THEM ALL Poor cows :(
42
After you have killed all the cattle infected with Bovine Leukemia virus, when should you retest the herd Dr. Lemoine?
30-60 days later
43
When there is low prevalence of Bovine Leukemia in your herd, what test should you use on the calves and doubtful cases?
PCR
44
"If I test the cows in your herd today and they are negative for Bovine Leukemia farmer Pete, then I will come back to your farm every ______ months for 2 years and declare your herd free of the virus "
6 months MAKE SURE YOU HAVE STRICT FARM BIOSECURITY!!!
45
What are the three forms of Sporadic Bovine Leukosis?
Juvenile, Thymic, and Cutaneous
46
Which form of Sporadic Bovine Leukosis shows enlargement of all lymph nodes and bone marrow necrosis?
Juvenile
47
The form of Sporadic Bovine Necrosis that shows brisket edema and jugluar vein engorgement and massive thymic enlargement is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
Thymic form
48
This form of Sporadic Bovine Leukosis affects cattle 1-3 years old and shows cutaneous plaques and nodules on the neck, back, croup, and thighs.
Cutaneous
49
Etiology Feline Leukemia VIrus (FeLV)
Gammaretrovirus
50
What protein involved in FeLV ,is encoded by the gag gene and is the major FeLV group specific antigen?
p27 protein
51
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_forms the primary structural proteins of the core of the virus.
Capsid Protein
52
Most serological assays for FeLV are designed to detect what protein?
p27 protein
53
p27 protein is found in the _________ of the infected cells and in the ________ form in blood, tears and saliva.
cytoplasm; free
54
What protein associated with FeLV is encoded by env gene, is a transmembrane protein, plays a role in immunosuppression and facilitates virus persistance?
p15E protein
55
p15E protein plays a role in immunosuppression by _____________ lymphocyte blastogenesis, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the response of T cells to IL1 & IL2 and by \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_the response to FOMCA.
suppressing; blocks; supressing
56
What protein involved in FeLV is also encoded by the env gene but is responsible for the attachment of the virus to the host cell?
gp70 protein "Yo G come over here and attach to me before I turn 70"
57

virology (8 decks)

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