Retrieval Failure theory Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What causes retrieval failure?

A

Lack of available cues at the time of retrieval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is Tulvings 1983 Encoding Specificity Principle?

A

Cues help retrieval if the same ones are present both at encoding and retrieval. If the cues available at encoding and retrieval are different or absent, there will be some forgetting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is context-dependent forgetting?

A

When the recall depends on an external cue (weather, place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is state-dependent forgetting?

A

When the recall depends on an internal cue (feeling, intoxication)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was Godden and Baddeley’s context-dependent forgetting experiment?

A

1975

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the procedure of Godden and Baddeley’s context-dependent forgetting experiment?

A

Deep-sea divers learned word lists and were later asked to recall them. 4 conditions, learned/recalled on land/underwater.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What were the findings of Godden and Baddeley’s context-dependent forgetting experiment?

A

Accurate recall was 40% lower in mismatched contexts than in matching contexts. Retrieval failure was due to the absence of encoded context cues at time of recall- the material wasn’t accessible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When was Carter and Cassaday’s state-dependent forgetting experiment?

A

1998

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the procedure of Carter and Cassaday’s state-dependent forgetting experiment?

A

Participants learned lists of words/ prose and later recalled them. 4 conditions, learned/recalled on antihistamine drugs.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What were the findings of Carter and Cassaday’s state-dependent forgetting experiment?

A

Recall was worse with mismatched cues. When the cues at encoding are absent at retrieval, there is more forgetting.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Strength of retrieval cues, real-world application

A

People often go to a room to get something then forget what it is that they wanted, however remember when they go back to the original room.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Limitation- supporting evidence have drastically different contexts

A

Baddeley in 1975 argued that the different contexts have to be very different before the effect is seen- learning in one room and recalling it in another is not likely to result in much forgetting as the environments aren’t different enough.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Limitation- context effects vary in recall and recognition. Godden and Baddeley 1980

A

G&B 1980 replicated their underwater experiment using a recognition test instead of recall. There was no context- dependetn effect. This suggests retrieval failure is a limited explanation for forgetting because it only applies when a person has to recall information rather than recognize it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly