retrieval failure Flashcards
Godden and Baddeley study Aim:
To see if people who learn and are tested in the same env will recall more than those who learn and are tested in different env
Godden and Baddeley Method: (sea divers)
4 groups were given same list of words to learn.
Group 1) learnt underwater and recalled underwater
2) learnt underwater and recalled on shore
3) learnt and recalled on shore
4) learnt on shore and recalled under.
Godden and Baddeley Results:
Groups 1 and 3 recalled 40% more words than groups 2 and 4
Baddeley and Godden conclusion:
Recall of info will be better if it happens in the same context that learning takes place. Context of place acted as a cue to help ppts recall better.
carter and Cassaday Aim:
Gave anti-histamine drugs to their ppts, it had a mild sedative effect - created a state different from normal. Ppts had to learn a list of words and then recall.
Carter and Cassaday Method:
Group 1) learned and recalled on drug
group 2) learnt on drug, recalled off it
group 3) learnt and recalled off drug
group 4) learnt off drug, recalled on it
Cassaday and carter Results:
In conditions with a mismatch between internal state at learning and recall, performance on memory test was much worse. Groups 1 and 4 performed best
Carter and Baddeley Conclusion:
Supports state-dependent memory theory as when cues were absent then there is more forgetting
Define state-dependent memory theory:
Where people are more likely to retrieve memories that were created in similar states of consciousness.
Positive eval for retrieval failure:
Validity in irl scenarios.
Eysenck argues that RT is main reason for forgetting from LTM
Negative eval for RT:
Context effects are not very strong, especially irl.
Recall vs recognition: Baddeley replicated underwater study but used recognition test instead. There was no context dependent effect.
