Retorical Fallacies Flashcards
Anaphora
Used the same word over and over, we will win! We will do this!
Ad Hominem
Arising from appealing
Appeal to authority
Using your authority to sway an audience
Appeal to belief
A piece of argument where if everyone beliefs something to be fact than it must be fact
Appeal to common practice
A wrong justified by claiming that lots of people do it so it’s ok
Appeal to emotion
An emotional appeal is used to sway the emotions of an audience to make them support the speakers arguments
Appeal to flattery
When a person uses excessive compliments, in an attempt to with their side
Appeal to novelty
The newest idea is the better
Appeal to pity
A distraction from the truth by using pity
Appeal to popularity
Most people approve of an idea therefor it must be true
Appeal to ridicule
A fallacy in which presets an opportunity argument as absurd ridicule, or in anyway numerous
Appeal to spite
A argument is made by exploiting people’s bitterness or spite towards an opposing party
Appeal to tradation
A thesis Is deemed true because of past traditions or facts
Begging the question
A premise in which the claim that a conclusion is true or assume that the conclusion is true
Biased sample
Drawing a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is biased, or chosen order to make it appear as if the population is average different than it actually is
Burden of proof
If x is unproven than that it is unproved and remains unproved until reason and evidence is provided or secured to establish the proof or higher probability of the claim being true
Confusing cause and effect
Events A and B regularly occur together therefor A is the cause of B
False dillema
Are you on my side or not
Guiltily by association
Someone is part of a group that a guilty person is in, they must be guilty too
Hasty generalization
The reaching of an inductive generalization based on insufficient evidence.
Middle ground
The fallacy is committed when the middle position that is assumed that the middle position between two extremes must be correct simply because it is the middle ground
Personal attack
A person substitutes abusive remarks for evidence when attacking another persons claims
Poisoning the well
Adverse information is presented adversely to target someone and disregard it then
Post hoc
When an A occurs before event B therefor A is the cause o B
Questionable cause
A casual connection is assumed without proof all to often claims to a casual connection are based on a mere correlation
Red herring
The basic idea is to win an argument by leading the attention away from the argument by leading attention away from the argument and to another topic
Slippery slope
A=z
Spotlight
When something is said to be true because an argument has been brought to attention
Straw man
When a person ignores a persons actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of the position.
Two wrongs make a right
It’s ok to do something wrong if they have done wrong to you, they would have done the same thing you did
