Retinal Detachment Flashcards
Retinal detachment occurs when the neurosensory layer of the retina becomes detached from the pigmented epithelium. What is the incidence of retinal detachment?
1 - 1000 cases per 100,000
2 - 100 cases per 100,000
3 - 10 cases per 100,000
4 - 1 cases per 100,000
3 - 10 cases per 100,000
Affects men and women equally
What age does the incidence of retinal detachment peak at?
1 - 20-30
2 - 30-40
3 - 40-50
4 - 60-70
4 - 60-70
Which of the following is NOT a risk factor fore developing retinal detachment?
1 - young age
2 - previous surgery for cataracts (accelerates posterior vitreous ageing, increasing risk)
3 - short sighted (Myopia)
4 - Eye trauma
5 - Family history
6 - Previous history of retinal break/detachment in either eye
1 - young age
Typically affects older patients
Which 2 of the following are the most common causes of retinal detachment?
1 - head trauma
2 - vitreous ageing
3 - autoimmune
4 - infection
1 - head trauma
2 - vitreous ageing
- physiological change from thick gel to watery solution
Patients with retinal detachment can describe the following, EXCEPT which one?
1 - floaters
2 - complete loss of vision in both eyes
3 - shadow
4 - photopsia (perceived flashes of light)
2 - complete loss of vision in both eyes
Can occur but far less likely and would occur later on
If photopsia (perceived flashes of light) is bilateral, is this more likely to be retinal detachment of migraines?
- migraines
In patients with retinal detachment, are the symptoms such as floaters, shadow and photopsia (perceived flashes of light) appear in both eyes?photopsia (perceived flashes of light)
- no
Typically occurs unilaterally
Patients with a large retinal detachment can experience a Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD). What is the RAPD?
1 - patient has no direct response in eye with lesion
2 - patient has no indirect response in eye with lesion
3 - swing test in affected eye causes pupil dilation
4 - swing test in affected eye causes pupil constriction
3 - swing test in affected eye causes pupil dilation
- lesion in eye that dilates as the lesion is impairing the afferent signal
direct = pupil dilates when light shone in that eye
in-direct/consensual = pupil dilates when light shone in opposite eye
How is retinal detachment typically treated?
1 - wait and see
2 - analgesia and lubricating eye drops
3 - surgery to repair retina
4 - laser therapy
3 - surgery to repair retina
Age-related macular degeneration is the most common cause of blindness in the UK. What is the incidence of this?
1 - 11000 cases per 100,000
2 - 1100 cases per 100,000
3 - 110 cases per 100,000
4 - 11 cases per 100,000
3 - 110 cases per 100,000
Equally likely in men and women
What age does the incidence of age-related macular degeneration typically peak?
1 - >80
2 - >70
3 - >60
5 - >50
2 - >70
Although the peak incidence of age-related macular degeneration typically peaks at 70 years old, what age can this occur from?
1 - >30
2 - >40
3 - >50
4 - >60
3 - >50
Which of the following is NOT a typical risk factor for developing age-related macular degeneration?
1 - advancing age
2 - smoking
3 - thyroid dysfunction
4 - family history
5 - comorbidity associated with ischaemia (CVD, hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia
3 - thyroid dysfunction
Advancing age is the biggest risk factor
There are 2 types of age-related macular degeneration:
- dry macular degeneration
- wet macular degeneration
Which of these accounts for 90% of all age-related macular degeneration?
- dry macular degeneration
Age related wet macular degeneration, more commonly known as exudative macular degeneration. What is the primary pathophysiology causing this?
1 - increased intraoccular pressure
2 - clumping of protein on the lens
3 - abnormal neovascularisation
4 - ischaemia
3 - abnormal neovascularisation
- abnormal blood vessels develop from the choroid, behind the retina. These vessels leak intravascular fluid or blood
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of age related wet macular degeneration?
1 - accounts for 90% of age related macular degeneration
2 - neovascular macular degeneration occurs
3 - characterised by choroidal neovascularisation
4 - leakage of serous fluid and blood 5 - can result in a rapid loss of vision
6 - worse prognosis between wet and dry age related macular degeneration
1 - accounts for 90% of age related macular degeneration
Accounts for only 10% of cases, BUT far more serious
Does wet or dry age related macular degeneration have a more rapid onset of vision loss?
- wet
Typically causes rapid central vision loss over weeks to months
Can patients with dry age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) develop wet ARMD?
- yes
In wet age-related macular degeneration, which 2 of the following do patients typically complain of?
1 - blurry central vision
2 - central scotoma
3 - recognising faces
4 - distorted vision
6 - all of the above
Do patients with wet age-related macular degeneration typically have a Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD). What is the RAPD?
- no
Are drusens common in wet age-related macular degeneration?
- no
Which of the following imaging techniques is NOT typically used to diagnose and stage age related macular degeneration?
1 - slit-lamp microscopy
2 - ultrasound of the eye
3 - optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
4 - fluorescein angiography
2 - ultrasound of the eye
What is the treatment for patients with wet age-related macular degeneration?
1 - lubricating drops
2 - intravitreal anti-VEGF agents
3 - laser therapy
4 - surgery
2 - intravitreal anti-VEGF agents
Aim is to stabilise vision as cannot return to previous
