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HEMA LAB > RETICULOCYTE COUNT > Flashcards

RETICULOCYTE COUNT Flashcards

1
Q

the last immature erythrocyte stage

A

reticulocytes

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2
Q

immediate precursor of RBC

A

reticulocytes

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3
Q

can also be found in the circulation

A

reticulocytes

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4
Q

in hematopoiesis, the precursors of immature cells must only be found in the ______, but in RBC, the reticulocytes are found in the ______.

A

bone marrow
circulation

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5
Q

also known as the immature RBCs, normally found in the circulation

A

reticulocytes

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6
Q

when stained darkly with RNA remnants, it may contain organelles such as _______ and _______

A

ribosomes
mitochondria

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7
Q

why reticulocyte count is assess in the laboratory?

A

to evaluate erythropoietic activity of the bone marrow
to know if the bone marrow can perform erythropoiesis

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8
Q

reticulocytes spends ____ days in bone marrow, and ____ in peripheral blood

A

2-3 days
1 day

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9
Q

RV for newborn (reticulocyte)

A

1.5 - 5.8%

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10
Q

RV for adult (reticulocytes)

A

0.5 - 1.5%

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11
Q

reticulocyte count confirms diagnosis of _____ by therapeutic response

A

pernicious anemia

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12
Q

if there is an increase in reticulocyte count, the patient may have _______

A

pernicious anemia

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13
Q

reticulocyte count determines response of pernicious anemia patient to _____

A

vitamin B12 therapy

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14
Q

reticulocyte count aids in diagnosis of _____ and _____

A

lead poisoning
hemolytic anemia

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15
Q

(T/F) reticulocyte count determines whether there is not a normal RBC regeneration

A

false, there is a normal RBC regeneration

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16
Q

reticulocyte count aids in the prognosis of ______

A

acute hemorrhage

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17
Q

an increased reticulocyte count indicates ______

A

RBC regeneration

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18
Q

an increase reticulocyte count = _______

A

there is an erythropoietic activity

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19
Q

an index for evaluating effectiveness of erythropoiesis

A

reticulocyte count

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20
Q

reticulocyte count is sometimes called _____

A

poor man’s bone marrow

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21
Q

why is it called the “poor man’s bone marrow”?

A

the bone activity is evaluated without actually assessing the bone marrow itself

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22
Q

“poor man’s bone marrow” can be evaluated if the bone marrow compensates in response with ______

A

hypoxia

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23
Q

increase reticulocyte count in hypoxia, ___ in RBC count (sometimes)

A

decrease

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24
Q

hypoxia = bone marrow compensates = _____

A

increased retics

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25
Q

what stain is used in reticulocyte count?

A

supravital stain

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26
Q

when whole blood is stained with supravital stain, any non-nucleated erythrocyte that contains ___ or more particles of _________ is a reticulocyte

A

2 or more particles of blue-stained granulofilamentous material

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27
Q

2 examples of supravital stains

A

new methylene blue (NMB)
brilliant cresyl blue (BCB)

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28
Q

materials used in reticulocyte count

A

specimen: EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood or capillary blood
EDTA tube
cotton balls
70% isopropyl alcohol
binocular microscope
calibrated miller disk
supravital stains (NMB, BCB)
glass slides
cedarwood oil (or any other oil immersion oils)

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29
Q

3 methods in reticulocyte count

A
  1. dry method
  2. wet method
  3. miller disc method
30
Q

dry method procedures:

A
  1. mix equal amounts of EDTA whole blood and supravital stains (2-3 drops each)
  2. incubate for 3-10 minutes at room temperature
  3. remix the preparation
  4. prepare a blood smear
  5. count 1000 RBC/reticulocyte under OIF
31
Q

the specific gravity of reticulocyte is ____ than RBC

A

lower

32
Q

rapid method of schilling, osgood-william, and sabin

A

wet method

33
Q

wet method procedure:

A
  1. place a drop of freshly filtered stain on a clean glass slide
  2. add an equal volume of blood. mix by stirring
  3. cover the mixture with a clean coverslip lined with vaseline (on the side)
  4. proceed with counting
34
Q

developed as the dry and wet method count very large numbers of RBC to obtain a precise reticulocyte count

A

miller disc method

35
Q

developed as the dry and wet method which counts very large numbers of RBC to obtain a precise reticulocyte count

A

miller disc method

36
Q

total square

A

square A

37
Q

1/9 of the total area of Square A

A

square B

38
Q

procedure of miller disc method

A

same procedure with the dry method
1. count reticulocytes in the entire square A
2. count at least 112 RBCs in square B

39
Q

mature RBC stained color

A

gray blue

40
Q

reticulocytes stained color

A

gray blue cells with deep blue filamentous web or granules (2 or more)

41
Q

the presence of 2 or more blue stained inclusions is classified as _______

A

retics

42
Q

sources of error

A
  1. failure to mix
  2. presence of refractile artifacts
  3. increased blood glucose level
  4. presence of pappenheimer bodies, heinz bodies, and howell-jolly bodies
43
Q

confused as retics

A

pappenheimer bodies, heinz bodies, and howell-jolly bodies

44
Q

1-7 (decreased RBCs due to problem in synthesis, or due to increase destruction)

A

reticulocytosis

45
Q

decreased RBC, increased reticulocytes in the blood

A

reticulocytosis

46
Q

reticulocytosis is seen in:

A
  1. hemolytic anemia
  2. lead poisoning
  3. iron deficiency anemia
  4. acute and chronic blood loss
  5. thalassemia
  6. sideroblastic anemia
  7. malaria
  8. parasitic infections
  9. blood intoxication
  10. kala-azar
  11. erythroblastic anemia
  12. sickle cell anemia
  13. relapsing fever
  14. leukemia
  15. myeloproliferative disorder
  16. splenic tumor
47
Q

physiologic increase in reticulocyte count

A

pregnancy
at birth
menstruation
high altitudes

48
Q

the blood undergoes many circulation, and has many requirement for iron, increased need of RBCs, resulting to increased retics count

A

pregnancy

49
Q

due to bleeding, decreased RBC, reticulocyte is needed as the bone marrow compensates

A

menstruation

50
Q

decreased oxygen pressure resulting for bone marrow to produce more RBC to compensate for decrease in oxygen

A

high altitudes

51
Q

erythropoietic activity results in increased reticulocytes

premature retics that are released from bone marrow to compensate for decreased RBC

A

stress/shift reticulocytes

52
Q

spend 2-4 days in the circulation before it becomes a mature RBC

A

stress/shift reticulocyte

53
Q

spend 1 day in the circulation for it to become RBC

A

normal reticulocytes

54
Q

decreased reticulocytes

A

aplastic anemia
bone marrow failure
acute benzol poisoning
chronic infections

55
Q

no production of any blood cell

A

aplastic anemia

56
Q

bone marrow cannot perform erythropoiesis

A

bone marrow failure

57
Q

actual number of reticulocytes in 1 liter of whole blood

A

absolute reticulocyte count (ARC)

58
Q

ARC reference range:

A

25-75 x 10^9/L

59
Q

aka reticulocyte index or hematocrit correction

A

corrected reticulocyte count (CRC)

60
Q

in specimens with low hematocrit, the percentage of retics may be falsely elevated because whole blood contains fewer RBCs

A

corrected reticulocyte count (CRC)

61
Q

correction factor for CRC

A

45%

62
Q

the average HCT count for both males and females

A

45%

63
Q

in CRC, result is expressed in ______

A

percentage

64
Q

aka shift correction

A

reticulocyte production index (RPI)

65
Q

provides further refinement of the CRC

A

reticulocyte production index (RPI)

66
Q

measures erythropoietic activity when stress/shift reticulocytes are present

A

reticulocyte production index (RPI)

67
Q

40-45% HCT

A

1 day

68
Q

35-49% HCT

A

1.5 days

69
Q

25-34%

A

2 days

70
Q

15-24%

A

2.5

71
Q

<15% HCT

A

3 days

HEMA LAB (1 decks)

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