reticular formations Flashcards

1
Q

where can the reticular formations be found

A

in brainstem tegmentum

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2
Q

what are reticular formations

A

mass of neurons and nerve fibers extending from caudal medulla to rostral midbrain

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3
Q

what do reticular formations receives

A

receives input from most sensory systems

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4
Q

what do reticular formations send

A

sends efferent fibers to all CNS levels

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5
Q

what to reticular formations influence

A

skeletal muscle activity, somatic and visceral sensation, ANS and endocrine systems as well as level of consciousness

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6
Q

the reticular formations are deeply placed in ______

A

continuous network of nerve cells and fibers extending from brainstem, subthalamus, hypothalamus and thalamus

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7
Q

what are the 3 longitudinal columns

A

Median column - at median plane: intermediate-sized neurons

Medial column - large neurons

Lateral column - small neurons

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8
Q

what does the raphe nuclei of medulla receive

A

inputs from spinal cord, trigeminal sensory nuclei and periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain

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9
Q

where does the raphe nuclei of medulla project

A

to cerebellum, dorsal horn of spinal cord and trigeminal nuclei

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10
Q

exp the analgesic effect of electrical stimulation of the midbrain periaqueductal gray

A

from facilitatory input from the periaqueductal gray matter to medullary raphe nuclei and its inhibitory projections on spinothalamic neurons in dorsal horn of spinal cord

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11
Q

what does the raphe nuclei of pons and midbrain receive

A

inputs from prefrontal cortex, limbic system and hypothalamus

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12
Q

where does the raphe nuclei of pons and midbrain project

A

to forebrain, cerebellum and brainstem

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13
Q

involved in pain mechanisms

A

Caudal raphe nuclei

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14
Q

involved with wakefulness, alertness and sleep

A

Rostral raphe nuclei

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15
Q

the paramedian groups receives and projects to ______

A

input from spinal cord, cerebral cortex, vestibular nuclei

project to cerebellum

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16
Q

the medial group receives input from

A

spinal cord, ascending sensory systems, superior colliculus, vestibulocerebellum, hypothalamus and cerebral cortex

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17
Q

the descending projections of the medial group project to ______ and controls ______

A

SC and motor control

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18
Q

the ascending projections of the medial group project to ______ and controls ______

A

intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus and basal cholinergic nuclei (nucleus basalis of Meynert)

consciousness and alertness

19
Q

nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis is responsible for ______

A

paradoxical (REM) sleep

20
Q

lateral group recieves _______

A

Receive input from contralateral red nucleus, spinal cord, trigeminal, auditory and vestibular sensory systems

21
Q

lateral group projects to _______

A

Project to both cerebellar hemispheres and to medial nuclei

22
Q

Pedunculopontine nucleus recieves _____ and is responsible for _________

A

input from cerebral cortex, globus pallidus interna and substantia nigra pars reticulata

Locomotion center

23
Q

parabrachial nucleus recieves _____ and projects _________

A

input from amygdala, nucleus solitarius

Projects to hypothalamus, preoptic
area, amygdala and intralaminar
thalamic nuclei

24
Q

parabrachial nucleus is responsible for _______

A

Autonomic regulation

25
Continuation of reticular formation from brainstem
Reticular Nucleus of Thalamus
26
reticular nuc of thalamus receives and projects ______
input from cerebral cortex and other thalamic nuclei Project to other thalamic nuclei
27
NT for reticular nuc of thalamus
GABA - inhibitort
28
function of reticular nuc of thalamus
Integrating and gating thalamic nuclei activities
29
where does acetylcholine project to
Pontomesencephalic region of brainstem - pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei and laterodorsal tegmental nuclei Basal forebrain
30
deficiency in Acethylcholine
Alzheimer's
31
dopamine is located where
Substantia nigra pars compacta Ventral tegmental area
32
Mesostriatal (nigrostriatal)
for movement
33
Mesolimbic
Overactivity hallucinations Schizophrenia - kapag too much dopamine sa mesolimbic
34
Mesocortical
function. working memory, attentional aspects Dysfunction: cognitive deficit and hypokinesia in PD (Parkinson’s disease)
35
Modulation of attention, sleep wake states and mood
Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)
36
Serotonin is found on
Raphe nuclei of brainstem
37
Serotonin is for
Sleep, emotion
38
Found in neurons of posterior hypothalamus in tuberomammillary nucleus
Histamine
39
Histamine
Maintain alert state
40
pacemaker for respiration
Pre-BÖtzinger complex
41
located along caudal lateral wall of the fourth ventricle in medulla
Area Postrema
42
Contains chemotactic trigger zone
Area Postrema
43
Maintain sphincter control
Pontine micturition center
44