Retention Flashcards
What are the GP knots?
Overhand, bowline, clove hitch, round-turn, overhand, Rolling Hitch, Double Sheet Bend
Characteristics of a good knot?
T – easy to TIE
R – easy to RECOGNISE
U – easy to UNTIE
S – should not SLIP
S – not reduce STRENGTH
Ladder siting considerations?
H – Height (ladder reaches objective allowing for correct Projection & Plumbing)
P – Projection (distance the foot of the ladder is away from the building (4:1))
P – Plumbing (Ladder is perpendicularto the ground)
C – Clearances (When pitching there are no obstructions or hazards in path)
G – Ground condition (Ensure ground conditions are firm & stable)
Evacuation Horn Signals?
Evacuation: 3 Blast of 1 Second Duration
Cease Operation: 1 Blast of 3 Second Duration
Resume Operation: 1 Blast of 3 Second Duration, followed by 1 Blast of 1 Second Duration
HOTS?
H – HIGH temperatures
O – OXYGEN deficiency
T – TOXIC atmospheres
S – SMOKE concentrations
What is on a HZACHEM placard? List 6 items found on a bulk transport placard?
Substance, UN Number, HAZCHEM, Contacts, Class label, specialist advice.
Examples of the 9 Dangerous Goods: list 4 of them
Explosives – Gelatine Dynamite
Flammable Gases – LPG, Methane
Flammable Liquids – Petrol, Ethanol
Flammable Solids – Nitrocellulose, Sulphur
Oxidising Substances – Nitrates
Toxic and Infectious Substances – Cyanide, Medical Waste
Radioactive Substances – Plutonium
Corrosive Substances – Sulphuric Acid
Miscellaneous Dangerous Goods – Dry Ice
Explosives (detonators, emulsion explosives), flammable gases (LPG, Methane), flammable liquids (petrol, kerosene), flammable solids (sulfur, firefighters).
Define Wordback?
Wordback - A quick and concise description of the situation. Can be used to advise oncoming appliances as to the nature of the call.
Name (OIC)
Situation (type of fire)
Status
Address
Description (Brief)
Define Sitrep?
Sitrep - A more detailed description of what is happening on scene, painting the picture.
Define Message.
Message - Can be given at any time by anyone to relay information outside the wordback or Sitrep.
Elements of a wordback?
Elements of a wordback:
The name of the officer initiating the wordback
The situation type, as determined by the OIC:
Structure fire
Non-structure fire
Grass & Scrub fire
Incident
False alarm
The status of the fire/incident:
Investigation
Increased alarm level
Not yet under control (additional appliances required)
Under control (appliances on-scene and responding are sufficient)
Stop (appliances on-scene are sufficient)
Address of the fire/incident.
Optional brief description of the event.
Div A pump specs?
Darley 1000 mid-mounted centrifugal pump with additional 2nd stage high pressure attachment. Rated at 3800L/min at 1000kPa @3m lift
3 % Foam Rated Capacity: 3800lpm @ 1000kpa
6% Foam Rated Capacity: 2650 lpm @ 1000kpa
Friction loss laws?
D – DIAMETER of hose – A smaller diameter hose has far greater friction loss
R – ROUGHNESS of hose – Its difficult for water to move past a rough surface
I – INDEPENDENT of pressure – Whether pressure is 1 kPa or 1000 kPa, friction loss will be the same
S – SQUARE of flow rate – If flow rate is halved the loss of pressure is ¼
L – LENGTH of hose – the longer the hose the more pressure required to pump water through it.
- Friction loss increases directly with the length of the hose.
- Friction loss increases directly with the decrease in hose diameter.
- Friction loss increases directly as the square of the flow rate.
- Friction loss increases with the roughness of the interior of the hose.
- Friction loss, for all practical purposes, is independent of pressure.
Formula for head pressure?
Head Pressure = Height x 10kpa
Maximum Practical Lift?
7.5m
Definition of BSAHF, Factors to consider prior to entry:
B – Building (Integrity of structural elements, non-structural elements, stability of installed equipment/appliances, ventilation pathways, signs of heated surfaces)
S – Smoke (colour, Volume, Location, Flow/Turbulance)
A – Air Track (velocity, Direction)
H – Heat (intensity, locations)
F – Flame (Colour, Extent, Projections from openings)
Why ventilate a structure?
Improving the safety of people trapped in the building
Reduce damage to the structure and it’s contents from heat and smoke
Provide exposure protection to uninvolved areas or adjoining structures
Improve firefighting conditions:
Increase visibility
Providing a non-toxic atmosphere
Reducing temperature inside the structure
Primary search?
Primary: Is a rapid but thorough search of all areas which can be entered safely. The purpose of this search is to find and remove all occupants to safety. The emphasis is on speed but not at the expense of toughness.
Secondary search?
Secondary: Occurs once the situation is under control and the fire has been contained. It is a way to confirm the presence of casualties and to account for all occupants. The emphasis in a secondary search is on thoroughness.
4 routes on entry for a toxic substance?
Absorption, inhalation, injections, ingestion
5 Advantages of foam
Requires less water to extinguish.
Reduces chance of recognition due to smothering effects.
Can be used to flood areas or compartments.
Doesn’t affect the stability of a ship when used.
Only practical extinguishing method for class b fires
Classes of Fuel and examples?
Class A: Carbonaceous material - wood, straw.
Class B: Flammable liquids - petrol, butane
Class C: Flammable gases - LPG gas, methane
Class D: Combustible metals - Aluminium shavings, Magnesium
Class E: Electrical fires - No fuels.
Class F: Fats and oils - Cooking oil, fat fire
Sprinkler types?
WADDRP
Wet pipe, Alternative Wet & Dry, Dry pipe, Deluge, Residential, Pre-Action
BLEVE
Boiling
Liquid
Expanding
Vapour
Explosion
Expansion Ratio of LPG
270:1
Backdraught definition
The sudden introduction of oxygen into a compartment full of super heated gases that have been starved of oxygen resulting in rapid deflagration
Define Flashover
The sudden and sustained transition from the developing stage of a fire to a fully developed fire within a compartment
Why would you ventilate?
Increases visibility for firefighters attempting search and rescue
Increases survivability of casualties
Reduces damage to building caused by smoke
Structural gear
Structural helmet
Structural Jacket
Structural boots
Flash hood
Structural pants
Structural gloves
Four levels of ppc
Level A: fully encapsulating gas tight suit with BA
Level B: non encapsulating chemical protective suit (splash suit) and BA
Level C: non encapsulating chemical protective suit (splash suit) and respirator/p2 mask
Level D: normal work uniform (structural firefighting gear)
3 types of extinguishment methods
Direct Attack
Indirect Attack
Gas Cooling
Examples of carbonaceous solids?
Wood
Paper
Cloth
Straw
Leaves
Examples of Flammable gases?
LPG
Acetylene
Methane
Examples of combustible metals?
Aluminium shavings
Magnesium
Sodium
Examples of cooking oils and fats?
Lard
Olive oil
Vegetable oil
Examples of Flammable.liquids?
Ethanol
Petrol
Paints
