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Statistical Data Analysis > Retake > Flashcards

Retake Flashcards

1
Q

Steps to solve it

A
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2
Q

Cohen’s d formula

A
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3
Q

If the confidence interval does not include the value of zero effect, it can be assumed that there is

A

a statistically significant result.

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4
Q

IF YOU CHANGE ONE VALUE IN A SAMPLE, MEAN

A

CHANGES

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5
Q

IF YOU ADD / REMOVE AN OBSERVATION TO / FROM A SAMPLE, MEAN

A

CHANGES, UNLESS THAT OBSERVATION HAS THE VALUE OF THE MEAN.

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6
Q

IF YOU MULTIPLY/DIVIDE ALL VALUES IN A SAMPLE BY A CONSTANT,

A

THE MEAN WILL ALSO BE MULTIPLIED/DIVIDED BY THAT CONSTANT.

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7
Q

IF YOU ADD / SUBTRACT A CONSTANT TO ALL VALUES IN A SAMPLE,

A

YOU ADD / SUBTRACT THAT SAME CONSTANT FROM THE MEAN.

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8
Q

THE MEDIAN (MD):

A

IS A VALUE FROM A SAMPLE OR A POPULATION DIVIDING ALL OBSERVATIONS INTO TWO EQUAL HALVES. MEDIAN CAN BE AN AVERAGE OF TWO VALUES WHEN A SAMPLE OR A POPULATINO HAS AN EVEN NUMBER OF OBSERVATIONS.

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9
Q

How to solve it?

A
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10
Q

y REPRESENTS

A

VALUES OF A DEPENDENT VARIABLE

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11
Q

x REPRESENTS

A

VALUES OF AN INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

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12
Q

ŷ REPRESENTS

A

PREDICTED VALUES OF D.V.

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13
Q

e IS A

A

RESIDUAL TERM

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14
Q

REGRESSION LINE IS A SET OF ALL

A

ŷ

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15
Q

a IS AN INTERCEPT TERM:

A

A VALUE OF y, WHEN x = 0

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16
Q

a=

A
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17
Q

B COEFFICIENT IS

A

THE EFFECT OF X ON Y

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18
Q

COEFFICIENTS DO NOT REPRESENT RELTIVE STRENGTH OF EFFECTS, BECAUSE

A

SIZE OF B DEPENDS NOT ONLY ON THE STRENGTH OF EFFECT, BUT ALSO ON MEASUREMENT UNITS.

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19
Q

TO OBTAIN RELATIVE COMPARISSON OF EFFECT SIZE WE NEED TO Z STANDARDIZE ALL OF OUR VARIABLES.

A
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20
Q

r kvadratu formulė

A
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21
Q

ASSUMPTIONS OF REGRESSION ANALYSIS

A
  1. Linearity: the relationship between X and the mean of Y is linear.
  2. Independence: observations are independent of each other.
  3. Homoscedasticity: variance of residuals is the same for all values of X.
  4. Normality of residuals: for any fixed value of X, Y is normally distributed
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22
Q

What are the effect sizes of Cohen’s D?

A
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23
Q

How to solve it?

A
24
Q

SSt=

A
25
Q

SSw=

A

SS1+SS2+SS3

26
Q

SSb=

A

SSt-SSw

27
Q

DFt=

A

N-1

28
Q

DFb=

A

k-1

29
Q

DFw=

A

N-k

30
Q
A
31
Q
A
32
Q
A
33
Q
A
34
Q
A
35
Q

Bimodal

A
36
Q

Positively skewed

A
37
Q

Symetric-unimodal

A
38
Q

If we increase s,

A

value of t will be lower

39
Q

If we increase n,

A

value of t will increase too

40
Q

Jei didėja p,

A

didėja galimybė atmesti H0

41
Q

How to solve it?

A
42
Q

Solve it

A
43
Q

A larger n would lead to

A

a larger df and smaller tc. Also, lead to smaller s and smaller sM, producing a larger tT. This would also make rejecting H0 more likely

44
Q

Smaller SS would lead to

A

smaller s and smaller sM, producing larger tT. This would also make rejecting H0 more likely

45
Q

A larger difference between M and miu - the effect size - would also

A

increase tT, making rejection more likely

46
Q

Spearman rho gali būti tarp

A

-1 ir 1

47
Q

Ni lygu

A

SSb/SSt

48
Q

Standard deviation formula

A
49
Q

Solve it

A
50
Q

Solve it

A
51
Q
A
52
Q

If You will look at this table carefully, You will see a miracle called “pitakas”

A
53
Q

WITH SKEWED FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTIONS.

A

A MEAN SHIFTS QUITE STRONGLY IN THE DIRECTION OF OUTLIERS. A MEDIAN, IN THE MEANTIME, STAYS CLOSER TO TYPICAL VALUES. (SEE CHART OF A SKEWED DISTRIBUTION ABOVE).

54
Q

ADDING / SUBTRACTING A CONSTANT TO EACH VALUE

A

DOES NOT AFFECT STD.

55
Q

MULTIPLYING / DIVIDING EACH VALUE BY A CONSTANT, STD

A

ALSO GETS MULTIPLIED / DIVIDED BY THAT CONSTANT.

Statistical Data Analysis (3 decks)

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