Resuscitation I

Question 1

In cases of ___ (or other instances where ___ is the most likely cause of cardiac arrest), ___ becomes much more important than in nonasphyxial arrest.

Answer 1

1. Drowning;
2. Hypoxia;
3. Ventilation;
   * -2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 2

The AHA states that when necessary, healthcare providers may tailor the sequence of CPR rescue actions to fit ___.

Answer 2

1. The most likely cause of arrest;

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 3

Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) during CPR must meet _(pressure)_ to potentially achieve ROSC. While CPP is not readily measurable during a resuscitation event, CPR quality can be measured with ___.

Answer 3

1. 15 mm Hg;
2. Capnography;

Question 4

ROSC is unlikely if PETCO2 is less than ___ during a resuscitation event.

Answer 4

1. 10 mm Hg;

Question 5

The Chest Compression Fraction (CCF) during CPR should be at least _(percent)_ per the AHA.

Answer 5

1. 60% (but ideally greater than 80%);

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 6

Half a squeeze of an adult-sized BVM is equivalent to how many mL of air delivery?

Answer 6

1. 500-600 mL;

Question 7

What does the “D” in ABCDE stand for, according to the AHA?

Answer 7

1. Disability;

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 8

What does the “V” in AVPU stand for, according to the AHA?

Answer 8

1. Voice;

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 9

At what temperature does the AHA declare hypothermia to exist?

Answer 9

1. Hypothermia exists when the body temperature drops below 95 degrees Fahrenheit (35 degrees Celsius);

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 10

What does ECC stand for, with regards to the AHA?

Answer 10

1. Emergency Cardiovascular Care;

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 11

When performing an oropharyngeal suction procedure, do not insert the suction device any further than ___.

Answer 11

1. The distance from the tip of the patient’s nose to their earlobe;

Question 12

The AHA recommends that when performing oropharyngeal or endotracheal suctioning, the catheter be removed with a ___ motion.

Answer 12

1. Rotating (or twisting);

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 13

The AHA recommends that endotracheal suctioning not be performed for any longer than ___.

Answer 13

1. 10 seconds;

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 14

According to the AHA, the laryngeal mask airway is an ___ airway alternative to ET intubation and provides ___ ventilation.

Answer 14

1. Advanced;
2. Comparable;
   * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 15

Excessive ventilation during CPR causes gastric _(other than distention)_, ___ intrathoracic pressure, ___ venous return, ___ cardiac output, and ___ survival.

Answer 15

1. Insufflation;
2. Increased;
3. Decreased;
4. Decreased;
5. Lowers;

Question 16

Even when healthcare providers are properly ventilating a patient, chest compressions will produce a low PetCO₂, as even the best CPR produces cardiac output and pulmonary blood flow that’s only about ___-___% of normal.

Answer 16

1. 25-30;

Question 17

Which portion of a capnography curve represents PetCO₂?

Answer 17

1. The highest value;

Question 18

How should an OPA be sized?

Answer 18

1. From the corner of the patient’s mouth to the angle of their jaw;

Question 19

The most effective way to deliver bag-mask ventilation is the ___ technique.

Answer 19

1. Two-person;

Question 20

The AHA recommends saying, “___” right before delivering a shock.

Answer 20

1. Stand clear;

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 21

The AHA states that healthcare providers can perform a ___ at the same time they are performing a rhythm check.

Answer 21

1. Pulse check;

2015 AHA ECC Handbook

Question 22

During refractory VF/pVT CPR, epinephrine should generally be delivered after the ___ shock, and amiodarone after the ___.

Answer 22

1. Second;
2. Third;
   * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 23

Epinephrine ___ arterial blood pressure and coronary perfusion during CPR via ___ -adrenoceptor agonist effects.

Answer 23

1. Increases;
2. Alpha-1;

Question 24

According to the AHA, amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic agent that has been clinically demonstrated to improve the rate of ___ and ___ in _(patient demographic)_ with _(dysrhythmia)_ or _(dysrhythmia)_.

Answer 24

1. ROSC;
2. Hospital admission;
3. Adults;
4. Refractory VF;
5. Refractory pVT;
   * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 25

"Therapeutic Hypothermia" is an outdated term for "\_\_\_." The AHA recommends cooling a patient to between \_\_\_-\_\_\_ degrees Celsius for at least ___ hours.

Answer 25

1. Targeted Temperature Management; 2. 32-36; 3. 24; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 26

\_\_\_ is the only intervention that has been shown to improve neurologic recovery after cardiac arrest and ROSC. This therapy should be considered for any patient who remains ___ after ROSC.

Answer 26

1. Targeted Temperature Management; 2. Comatose; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 27

The AHA recommends flushing IO sites with \_\_\_-\_\_\_ mL NS following all medication deliveries.

Answer 27

1. 5-10; Note: Most IV medications should be flushed as well. *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 28

According to the AHA, when should the airway of a pulseless, apneic patient be opened?

Answer 28

1. After the initial round of chest compressions, immediately before the first round of ventilations (hence, *not* during the simultaneous pulse/breathing check prior to initiating CPR); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 29

Trained rescuers are ___ (by the AHA) to simultaneously perform some steps (ie, \_\_\_) in an effort to reduce time to first compressions and defibrillation.

Answer 29

1. Encouraged; 2. Checking for breathing and a pulse at the same time; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 30

When assessing a potentially pulseless, apneic patient, check for a pulse for no more than ___ seconds. Check the ___ pulse in an adult, the ___ or ___ pulse in a child, and the ___ pulse in an infant.

Answer 30

1. 10; 2. Carotid; 3. Carotid; 4. Femoral; 5. Brachial; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 31

For two rescuers, the compression-ventilation ratio for infants and children (to the age of puberty) is \_\_\_.

Answer 31

1. 15:2; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 32

Rescue breathing should be provided at a rate of one breath every \_\_\_-\_\_\_ seconds for an adult, and at a rate of one breath every \_\_\_-\_\_\_ seconds for an infant or child.

Answer 32

1. 5-6; 2. 3-5; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 33

If an infant or child who is being provided with adequate oxygenation and ventilation presents with a pulse of less than \_\_\_/min and signs of \_\_\_, perform \_(intervention)\_.

Answer 33

1. 60; 2. Poor perfusion; 3. CPR; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 34

What does C-A-B stand for, with respect to CPR?

Answer 34

C - Compressions; A - Open airway; B - Breathing; *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 35

When ventilating a patient during CPR, give \_(number)\_ breaths that make the \_\_\_. Release \_\_\_; allow for ___ between breaths. Give each breath over \_(time)\_;

Answer 35

1. 2; 2. Chest rise; 3. Completely; 4. Exhalation; 5. 1 second; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 36

What qualifies a patient as a "child" for CPR purposes?

Answer 36

1. Age of 1 year to puberty; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 37

What qualifies a patient as an "infant" for CPR purposes?

Answer 37

1. Age of less than 1 year, excluding newborns; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 38

Are "adolescents" considered "children" for CPR purposes?

Answer 38

1. No (adults and adolescents should receive the same CPR procedures); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 39

What is the prescribed compression-ventilation ratio for adult CPR without an advanced airway?

Answer 39

1. 30:2 (for both one or two-plus rescuers); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 40

What is the prescribed compression:ventilation ratio for child and infant CPR without an advanced airway?

Answer 40

1. One Rescuer: 30:2; 2. Two or more rescuers: 15:2; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 41

As of 2015, the AHA states that there is ___ evidence to support the ___ administration of Atropine as a ___ for emergency endotracheal intubation.

Answer 41

1. No; 2. Routine 3. Premedication; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 42

What does ECPR stand for, with respect to CPR?

Answer 42

1. Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation;

Question 43

What does the "E" in ABCDE stand for, according to the AHA?

Answer 43

1. Exposure; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 44

For children, the most common site for IO access is the \_\_\_. In order to access this site, position the leg with slight \_(two words)\_. Identify the \_(landmark)\_ just below the ___ joint. The insertion site is the flat part of the ___ about ___ finger width(s) (or \_\_\_-\_\_\_ cm) below and \_(direction)\_ to this bony prominence, so as to avoid injuring the \_\_\_.

Answer 44

1. Proximal tibia; 2. External rotation; 3. Tibial tuberosity; 4. Knee; 5. Tibia; 6. One; 7. One-three; 8. Medial; 9. Growth plate;

Question 45

Even after correct insertion of an IO catheter into bone marrow there is often ___ to infusion (which a provider may mistakenly interpret as incorrect placement).

Answer 45

1. Resistance;

Question 46

The AHA identifies four types of shock. Name them.

Answer 46

1. Hypovolemic; 2. Cardiogenic; 3. Distributive; 4. Obstructive; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 47

Shock with adequate blood pressure is generally termed ___ shock. Shock with a low blood pressure is generally called ___ shock.

Answer 47

1. Compensated (and could be normotensive); 2. Hypotensive (and could be decompensated or terminal/irreversible);

Question 48

For PALS, the AHA defines a low blood pressure as a blood pressure less than the ___ percentile for age.

Answer 48

1. Fifth; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 49

What is the correct rate of compressions and breaths that should be delivered during CPR after an advanced airway has been established for adults/adolescents, children and infants (excluding newborns)?

Answer 49

1. Continuous compressions at a rate of 100-120/min; 2. One breath every six seconds (10/min); * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 50

What is the recommended depth of compressions for adult/adolescent CPR?

Answer 50

1. At least two inches (no more than 2.4 inches); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 51

What is the recommended depth of compressions for child CPR?

Answer 51

1. At least one third the AP diameter of the chest, about two inches; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 52

What is the recommended depth of compressions for infant CPR?

Answer 52

At least one third the AP diameter of the chest, about 1-1/2 inches; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 53

What is the recommended hand placement during adult/adolescent CPR?

Answer 53

1. Two hands on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 54

What is the recommended hand placement during child CPR?

Answer 54

Two hands (or for a very small child, one hand) on the lower half of the breastbone (sternum); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 55

What is the recommended hand placement during infant CPR?

Answer 55

1. One rescuer: Two fingers in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line; 2. Two rescuers: Two thumb-encircling hands in the center of the chest, just below the nipple line; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 56

What does LUD stand for, with respect to CPR involving a pregnant patient?

Answer 56

1. Left Uterine Displacement; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 57

When performing CPR on a pregnant patient, if the uterus is at or above the \_\_\_, ___ decompression is indicated. If a rescuer is available, initiate \_\_\_, or alternatively, a \_\_\_.

Answer 57

1. Umbilicus; 2. Aortocaval; 3. Left uterine displacement (continuous); 4. Left lateral tilt (continuously, with a wedge); * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 58

What does C-A-B-U stand for, with respect to CPR involving a pregnant patient?

Answer 58

C - Chest compressions/Current; A - Airway; B - Breathing; U - Uterine displacement; *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 59

Name the six recommended assigned positions for high-performance team-based resuscitation.

Answer 59

1. Team leader; 2. Timer/recorder; 3. Compressor; 4. Airway; 5. AED/Monitor/defibrillator; 6. IV/IO/medications; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 60

A return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is associated with an abrupt sustained increase in PetCO₂, typically \>= ___ mm Hg;

Answer 60

1. 40; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 61

When ventilating/oxygenating a patient after achieving ROSC, start at ___ breaths/min and titrate to a target PetCO₂ of \_\_\_-\_\_\_ mm Hg. When feasible, titrate FiO₂ to minimum necessary to achieve SPO₂ \>=\_\_\_%.

Answer 61

1. 10; 2. 35-40; 3. 94; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 62

After achieving ROSC with an adult patient, the AHA recommends a bolus of \_\_\_-\_\_\_ L of normal saline or lactated Ringer's.

Answer 62

1. 1-2; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 63

After achieving ROSC with an adult patient, the AHA recommends treating hypotension (systolic BP \< ___ mm Hg) with what three general recommendations?

Answer 63

1. IV/IO bolus; 2. Vasopressor infusion; 3. Consider treatable causes; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 64

Ensuring adequate ___ of a baby's ___ is the most important and effective action in neonatal resuscitation.

Answer 64

1. Ventilation; 2. Lungs; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 65

Are chest compressions and medication administration: 1. Always needed by newborns, 2. Needed less frequently, or 3. Rarely needed by newborns?

Answer 65

1. Rarely needed by newborns; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 66

Are supplementary oxygen, assisted ventilations (positive pressure) and intubation: 1. Always needed by newborns, 2. Needed less frequently, or 3. Rarely needed by newborns?

Answer 66

1. Needed less frequently; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 67

What seven assessments/interventions are "always needed" by newborns.

Answer 67

1. Assessment of resuscitation risk; 2. Warming; 3. Maintenance of temperature; 4. Airway positioning; 5. Clearing of secretions; 6. Drying; 7. Stimulating to breathe; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 68

What is the targeted preductal SPO2 after birth for a neonate at 1 min? Approximately how much should it increase every minute for the next four minutes (up to the five minute mark)? What should the SPO2 be expected to be 10 minutes after birth?

Answer 68

1. 60-65%; 2. 5%; 3. 85-95%; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 69

How many categories are evaluated in an APGAR Score? What is the point-value range available for each category?

Answer 69

1. Five; 2. 0-2; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 70

If a neonate's heart rate remains below \_\_\_/min despite PPV, ___ must be initiated.

Answer 70

1. 60; 2. Chest compressions (CPR); * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 71

Neonatal rescue breathing should be provided at a rate of \_\_\_-\_\_\_/min.

Answer 71

1. 40-60; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 72

At what compression rate should neonatal CPR be performed?

Answer 72

1. 120 (120 events/min: 90 compressions interspersed with 30 ventilations); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 73

What is the correct compression:ventilation ratio for a neonate?

Answer 73

1. 3:1 (pause compressions for ventilation); ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 74

Which two medications are indicated in neonatal resuscitation if heart rate remains \<60/min despite adequate ventilation with 100% oxygen and chest compressions?

Answer 74

1. Epinephrine (0.01-0.03 mg/kg IV [UVC preferred], or 0.05-0.1 mg/kg ET; May repeat either dosage every 3 min); 2. Isotonic crystalloid or blood (10 mL/kg IV over 5+ min); * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 75

What is the recommended initial endotracheal tube insertion depth for neonates of all sizes?

Answer 75

1. "Tip to lip"; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 76

Neonates of \>34 weeks gestational age and weighing more than 2 kg should be intubated with what size ET tube?

Answer 76

1. 3.5 mm;

Question 77

After neonatal vital signs have been restored through resuscitation, what two medications should be considered?

Answer 77

1. Sodium bicarbonate 4.2% (1-2 mEq/kg IV over 2+ minutes); 2. D10W (0.2 g/kg, followed by 5 mL/kg per hour IV Infusion); * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 78

Sodium bicarbonate is indicated following successful neonatal resuscitation only if the resuscitation was \_\_\_, and only if the neonate is effectively ___ before administration.

Answer 78

1. Prolonged; 2. Ventilated; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 79

What does UVC stand for, with respect to neonatal IV placement?

Answer 79

1. Umbilical Vein Catheter;

Question 80

D10W is indicated following successful neonatal resuscitation if the BGL is \< ___ mg/dL. Be sure to recheck the BGL ___ min after the bolus.

Answer 80

1. 40; 2. 20; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 81

Conditions indicating the need for pediatric rapid assessment and potential cardiopulmonary support include: A. ___ respirations or rate \>\_\_\_ breaths/min; B. Heart rate ranges (particularly if associated with poor perfusion) - I. Child \<= 2 y/o: \< \_\_\_/min or \> \_\_\_/min; II. Child \> 2 y/o: \< \_\_\_/min or \> \_\_\_/min;

Answer 81

1. Irregular; 2. 60; 3. 80; 4. 180; 5. 60; 6. 160; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 82

A normal awake neonate heart rate is between \_\_\_-\_\_\_ beats/min.

Answer 82

1. 100-205; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 83

A normal awake infant heart rate is between \_\_\_-\_\_\_ beats/min.

Answer 83

1. 100-180; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 84

A normal awake infant respiratory rate is between \_\_\_-\_\_\_ breaths/min.

Answer 84

1. 30-53; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 85

The AHA BLS Healthcare Provider Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Algorithm stipulates the provision of rescue breathing at a rate of one breath every \_\_\_-\_\_\_ seconds, or about \_\_\_-\_\_\_ breaths/min.

Answer 85

1. 3-5; 2. 12-20; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 86

The AHA BLS Healthcare Provider Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Algorithm stipulates the provision of compressions if the patient's pulse remains \<= \_\_\_/min with signs of \_\_\_.

Answer 86

1. 60; 2. Poor perfusion; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 87

Following the discovery of a lack of normal breathing, the AHA BLS Healthcare Provider Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Algorithm stipulates the activation of the emergency response system (if not already done) after ___ minutes of attempted resuscitation.

Answer 87

1. 2; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 88

Name three (of six listed) signs of poor perfusion in a pediatric patient.

Answer 88

1. Cool extremities; 2. Decrease in responsiveness; 3. Weak pulses; 4. Paleness; 5. Mottling; 6. Cyanosis; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 89

When delivering back slaps to an infant who is choking, the rescuer should use the ___ of the hand and forcefully deliver the slap \_(location)\_.

Answer 89

1. Heel; 2. Between the shoulder blades; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 90

In an infant who is choking, chest thrusts should be performed while keeping the infant’s head ___ the chest. The rescuer should deliver up to ___ quick, downward chest thrusts \_(location)\_.

Answer 90

1. Lower than; 2. Five; 3. Just below the nipple line, over the lower half of the breastbone (the same location as for chest compressions); * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 91

For choking relief in an infant, a sequence of up to 5 ___ and up to 5 ___ is repeated until the object is removed or the infant becomes unresponsive.

Answer 91

1. Back slaps; 2. Chest thrusts; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 92

When giving CPR to an infant who is choking and becomes unresponsive, the rescuer should look for the object in the back of the throat each time "\_\_\_."

Answer 92

1. The airway is opened; ## Footnote *2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 93

Neonates of \>\_\_\_ weeks gestational age and weighing more than ___ kg should be intubated with a 3.5 mm ET tube.

Answer 93

1. 34; 2. 2; * 2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 94

A pause in CPR chest compressions of as little as ___ seconds results in the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) dropping to zero. It takes ___ seconds of manual CPR to increase CPP back to its highest intra-CPR level.

Answer 94

1. Three; 2. 16 (roughly 30 compressions at 110 compressions/min); * -ER Cast Podcast: How to Master CPR*

Question 95

What are the five basic tenets of High-Performance CPR?

Answer 95

1. Appropriate rate (100-120 compressions/min); 2. Appropriate depth (age specific); 3. Full recoil of the chest between compressions; 4. Minimize pauses (\< 10 seconds each); 5. Appropriate ventilations (quantity and *quality);* * -2015 AHA ECC Handbook*

Question 96

How is CPR Fraction calculated? If pauses between two-minute sessions of CPR are kept under 10 seconds apiece, the CPR Fraction will be \>= \_\_\_%.

Answer 96

1. Amount of Time Spent Doing CPR / The Amount of Time You Could Have Been Doing CPR (AHA Goal: 60%); 2. 90; * -ER Cast Podcast: How to Master CPR*

Question 97

What are the three components of the "peri-shock pause?"

Answer 97

1. Pre-shock pause; 2. Shock; 3. Post-shock pause; * -ER Cast Podcast: How to Master CPR*

Question 98

Defibrillation from an alternate vector (e.g. pad placement) and Double Sequential Defibrillation are interventions that may be appropriate for re-\_\_\_ VF, but not re-\_\_\_ VF.

Answer 98

1. Refractory (i.e. doesn't convert with normal defibrillation); 2. Recurrent (i.e. VF that converts to another rhythm and then returns to VF); * -ER Cast Podcast: How to Master CPR*

Question 99

Resistant to treatment or cure, unresponsive to stimulus.

Answer 99

1. Refractory; ## Footnote *-https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/refractory*

Question 100

The AutoPulse is intended for use on patients ___ years of age or older.

Answer 100

1. 18; ## Footnote *-Zoll AutoPulse User Guide, 2014*

Question 101

The AutoPulse is not intended for patients with ___ injuries.

Answer 101

1. Traumatic; ## Footnote *-Zoll AutoPulse User Guide, 2014*

Question 102

Failure to properly position the AutoPulse LifeBand at the patient's ___ may cause injury to the patient.

Answer 102

1. Armpit line; ## Footnote *-Zoll AutoPulse User Guide, 2014*

Question 103

AutoPulse chest compressions result in a chest displacement equal to a \_\_\_% reduction in the anterior-posterior chest depth.

Answer 103

1. 20; ## Footnote *-Zoll AutoPulse User Guide, 2014*

Question 104

The maximum patient weight permitted for use of the AutoPulse is ___ pounds.

Answer 104

1. 300; ## Footnote *-Zoll AutoPulse User Guide, 2014*

Question 105

According to the AHA, Amiodarone is a complex drug that affects \_\_\_. ___ and ___ channels, has ___ and ___ blocking properties, and also blocks actions of ___ that speed up the heart rate.

Answer 105

1. Sodium; 2. Calcium; 3. Potassium; 4. Alpha-adrenergic; 5. Beta-adrenergic; 6. Hormones * HeartCode ACLS 2015, Algorithm Videos: Cardiac Arrest Algorithm, 2:50*

Question 106

At what point during a resuscitation attempt featuring VF or pVT should defibrillation be attempted?

Answer 106

1. As soon as the defibrillator is available; Note: If two or more rescuers are available, CPR should be performed while the defibrillator is being attached. *HeartCode ACLS 2015, ACLS Videos: Science of Resuscitation, 1:50*

Question 107

According to the AHA, Amiodarone lowers defibrillation \_\_\_, making defibrillation more effective at ___ settings.

Answer 107

1. Threshold; 2. Lower; * HeartCode ACLS 2015, Algorithm Videos: Cardiac Arrest Algorithm, 3:03*

Question 108

The primary decision point in the ACLS Bradycardia Algorithm is determining whether the ___ is causing the patient's signs and symptoms or some other illness is causing the \_\_\_.

Answer 108

1. Bradycardia; 2. Bradycardia; * HeartCode ACLS 2015, Algorithm Videos: Bradycardia Algorithm, 0:37*

Question 109

Name the five signs / symptoms which should be evaluated when determining a patient's course of treatment while utilizing either the ACLS Bradycardia Algorithm or Tachycardia Algorithm.

Answer 109

1. Hypotension; 2. Acutely altered mental status; 3. Signs of shock; 4. Ischemic chest discomfort; 5. Acute heart failure; * HeartCode ACLS 2015, Algorithm Videos: Bradycardia Algorithm, 0:37*

Question 110

According to the AHA, although adenosine "doesn't terminate \_(rhythm)\_ or \_(rhythm)\_, it will slow AV conduction, allowing for identification of ___ or ___ waves, thereby allowing confirmation of the underlying tachyarrhythmia."

Answer 110

1. Atrial fibrillation; 2. Atrial flutter; 3. Fibrillation; 4. Flutter; * HeartCode ACLS 2015, Algorithm Videos: Tachycardia Algorithm, 2:28*

Question 111

What does NSTE - ACS stand for, with regard to cardiology?

Answer 111

**NSTE - ACS** ## Footnote **N - N**on- **ST - ST** Segment **E - E**levation **A - A**cute **C - C**oronary **S - S**yndrome *HeartCode ACLS 2015, ACLS Patient Cases: Acute Coronary Syndrome Video, 0:55*

Question 112

While treating a patient with a suspected ACS, the AHA recommends administering supplemental oxygen if the patient's SPO₂ is \_\_\_.

Answer 112

1. \< 90%; ## Footnote *HeartCode ACLS 2015, ACLS Patient Cases: Acute Coronary Syndrome Video, 4:47*