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CLASP - sudden death > Resuscitation > Flashcards

Resuscitation Flashcards

1
Q

clinical death is a reversible state, true or false

A

true

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2
Q

biologic death is a reversible state, true or false

A

false, it is irreversible

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3
Q

what is sudden cardiac death

A

abrupt loss of heart function

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4
Q

what number do you call if there is a cardiac arrest in the hospital

A

2222

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5
Q

how do you confirm cardiac arrest

A

open airway
check breathing
check pulse for 10 seconds and signs of life

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6
Q

what is the first thing to do when someone is in cardiac arrest

A

call for help

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7
Q

what is the ratio of compressions:breaths in CPR

A

30:2

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8
Q

where are compressions done

A

centre of the chest

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9
Q

how deep should compressions be

A

5-6 cm

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10
Q

how fast should compressions be

A

120/min

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11
Q

interruptions and pauses in CPR are good/bad

A

BAD!!!

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12
Q

what should be done to avoid leaning in CPR

A

release all pressure on the chest without losing contact to ensure recoil is achieved

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13
Q

ventilations always have to be done, true or false

A

false

if you are untrained or unable, you do not have to do them, compressions only is ok

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14
Q

why should you not squeeze the ventilation bag too hard in CPR

A

gastric inflation and contents may come up

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15
Q

what is an AED

A

automated external defibrillator

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16
Q

what is waveform capnography

A

continuous non-invasive measurement of end tidal CO2 from the body
helps to assess ventilation of the lungs

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17
Q

who performs waveform capnography

A

aneasthetists

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18
Q

What are the shockable rhythms

A

Ventricular fibrillation VF

Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia VT

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19
Q

what are the non-shockable rhythms

A

Pulseless electrical activity PEA

Asystole

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20
Q

what is transthoracic impedance

A

body’s resistance to current flow (ohms)

“interruptions”

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21
Q

transthoracic imedance should be increased/decreased to allow better outcome

A

decreased

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22
Q

what can alter transthoracic impedance

A 
BMI
age 
disease
skin resistance
tissue type and amount
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23
Q

what is manual defibrillation and who can perform it

A

manually set up defibrillator

FY2 and above

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24
Q

you can continue to do chest compressions whilst a manual defibrillator is charging, true or false

A

true

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25
Q

what happens if VF/pVT persists after the 1st shock

A 
deliver a 2nd shock
CPR 2 min 
3rd shock 
CPR 2 min 
drugs
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26
Q

what drugs can be given in cardiac arrest

A

IV adrenaline 1mg

IV amiodarone 300mg

27
Q

how and when is adrenaline given

A

every 3-5 min

IV

28
Q

when is amiodarone given

A

after 3 shocks

29
Q

how do you manage asystole + PEA

A

CPR 2min

IV adrenaline 1mg every 3-5min

30
Q

what are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A 
Hypoxia 
Hypovolaemia 
Hypothermia 
Hypo/Hyperkalaemia 
Tension pneumothorax
Tamponade 
Toxins 
Thrombosis
31
Q

management of hypoxia

A

patent airway
high flow oxygen 15L/min 100%
avoid hyperventilation

32
Q

management of hypovolaemia

A

control haemorrhage

IV fluids

33
Q

management of hypokalaemia

A

Hartmann’s infusion

34
Q

management of hyperkalaemia

A

calcium gluconate - cardioprotective
insulin
fluids/dextrose
salbutamol

35
Q

how can you get K levels checked rapidly

A

ABG machine

36
Q

management of hypothermia

A

active rewarming techniques

consider cardio-pulmonary bypass

37
Q

management of tension pneumothorax

A

check ET tube position
check for hyper-resonancy, tracheal deviation etc
needle decompression/thoracostomy

38
Q

how do you diagnose a cardiac tamponade

A

ECHO

39
Q

management of cardiac tamponade

A

needle pericardiocentesis or resuscitative thoracotomy

40
Q

management of toxic cardiac arrest

A

review drug chart

reverse with antidote

41
Q

management of thrombosis - PE

A

fibrinolytic therapy

continue CPR for 60-90 min after

42
Q

what additional imaging technique can help to find reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A

ultrasound

43
Q

what are different ways of gaining vascular access

A

peripheral veins
central veins
intraosseous

44
Q

what kinds of ECG are there

A

adhesive pads
3 lead
12 lead

45
Q

what are the 6 steps to reading an ECG

A
  1. is there electrical activity
  2. what is the ventricular rate
  3. regular or irregular rhythm
  4. wide or narrow QRS complexes
  5. atrial activity present
  6. atrial activity in association with ventricular activity
46
Q

which medication is given in bradycardia

A

atropine - antimuscarinic

47
Q

what is the difference between defibrillation and DC cardioversion

A

defibrillation = immediate treatment of life threatening arrhythmias in patient with no pulse, non-synchronised

cardioversion = any process that aims to turn an arrhythmia into sinus rhythm, synchronised with QRS complexes

48
Q

what types of cardioversion are there

A

electrical

chemical

49
Q

indications for DC cardioversion

A

decompensated AF
SVT
VT with a pulse

50
Q

management of a supraventricular tachycardia SVT

A

vagal manoeuvres eg valsalva, carotid sinus massage

adenosine IV

51
Q

ST elevation in leads I, aVL, V5, V6 affects which part of the heart and which vessel in occluded

A

lateral

circumflex artery

52
Q

ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF affects which part of the heart and which vessel is occluded

A

inferior

right coronary artery

53
Q

ST elevation in V1-4 affects which part of the heart and which vessel in occluded

A

anterior

LAD artery

54
Q

what is the antidote to paracetamol poisoning

A

N acetylcysteine

55
Q

what is the antidote to benzodiazepines

A

flumazenil

56
Q

what is the antidote to morphine

A

naloxone

57
Q

what is the antidote to B blockers

A

glucagon

58
Q

what is the antidote to cyanides

A

amyl nitrite

59
Q

what is the antidote to digoxin

A

digiband

60
Q

what is the antidote to iron

A

desferroxamine mesylate

61
Q

what is the antidote to warfarin

A

vitamin K

62
Q

what is the antidote to OP compounds

A

atropine

63
Q

what must be done before cardioversion

A

sedate the patient

general anaesthesia

CLASP - sudden death (8 decks)

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