Resuscitation

Question 1

clinical death is a reversible state, true or false

Answer 1

true

Question 2

biologic death is a reversible state, true or false

Answer 2

false, it is irreversible

Question 3

what is sudden cardiac death

Answer 3

abrupt loss of heart function

Question 4

what number do you call if there is a cardiac arrest in the hospital

Answer 4

2222

Question 5

how do you confirm cardiac arrest

Answer 5

open airway
check breathing
check pulse for 10 seconds and signs of life

Question 6

what is the first thing to do when someone is in cardiac arrest

Answer 6

call for help

Question 7

what is the ratio of compressions:breaths in CPR

Answer 7

30:2

Question 8

where are compressions done

Answer 8

centre of the chest

Question 9

how deep should compressions be

Answer 9

5-6 cm

Question 10

how fast should compressions be

Answer 10

120/min

Question 11

interruptions and pauses in CPR are good/bad

Answer 11

BAD!!!

Question 12

what should be done to avoid leaning in CPR

Answer 12

release all pressure on the chest without losing contact to ensure recoil is achieved

Question 13

ventilations always have to be done, true or false

Answer 13

false

if you are untrained or unable, you do not have to do them, compressions only is ok

Question 14

why should you not squeeze the ventilation bag too hard in CPR

Answer 14

gastric inflation and contents may come up

Question 15

what is an AED

Answer 15

automated external defibrillator

Question 16

what is waveform capnography

Answer 16

continuous non-invasive measurement of end tidal CO2 from the body
helps to assess ventilation of the lungs

Question 17

who performs waveform capnography

Answer 17

aneasthetists

Question 18

What are the shockable rhythms

Answer 18

Ventricular fibrillation VF

Pulseless Ventricular tachycardia VT

Question 19

what are the non-shockable rhythms

Answer 19

Pulseless electrical activity PEA

Asystole

Question 20

what is transthoracic impedance

Answer 20

body’s resistance to current flow (ohms)

“interruptions”

Question 21

transthoracic imedance should be increased/decreased to allow better outcome

Answer 21

decreased

Question 22

what can alter transthoracic impedance

Answer 22

BMI
age 
disease
skin resistance
tissue type and amount

Question 23

what is manual defibrillation and who can perform it

Answer 23

manually set up defibrillator

FY2 and above

Question 24

you can continue to do chest compressions whilst a manual defibrillator is charging, true or false

Answer 24

true

Question 25

what happens if VF/pVT persists after the 1st shock

Answer 25

``` deliver a 2nd shock CPR 2 min 3rd shock CPR 2 min drugs ```

Question 26

what drugs can be given in cardiac arrest

Answer 26

IV adrenaline 1mg | IV amiodarone 300mg

Question 27

how and when is adrenaline given

Answer 27

every 3-5 min | IV

Question 28

when is amiodarone given

Answer 28

after 3 shocks

Question 29

how do you manage asystole + PEA

Answer 29

CPR 2min | IV adrenaline 1mg every 3-5min

Question 30

what are the reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 30

``` Hypoxia Hypovolaemia Hypothermia Hypo/Hyperkalaemia Tension pneumothorax Tamponade Toxins Thrombosis ```

Question 31

management of hypoxia

Answer 31

patent airway high flow oxygen 15L/min 100% avoid hyperventilation

Question 32

management of hypovolaemia

Answer 32

control haemorrhage | IV fluids

Question 33

management of hypokalaemia

Answer 33

Hartmann's infusion

Question 34

management of hyperkalaemia

Answer 34

calcium gluconate - cardioprotective insulin fluids/dextrose salbutamol

Question 35

how can you get K levels checked rapidly

Answer 35

ABG machine

Question 36

management of hypothermia

Answer 36

active rewarming techniques | consider cardio-pulmonary bypass

Question 37

management of tension pneumothorax

Answer 37

check ET tube position check for hyper-resonancy, tracheal deviation etc needle decompression/thoracostomy

Question 38

how do you diagnose a cardiac tamponade

Answer 38

ECHO

Question 39

management of cardiac tamponade

Answer 39

needle pericardiocentesis or resuscitative thoracotomy

Question 40

management of toxic cardiac arrest

Answer 40

review drug chart | reverse with antidote

Question 41

management of thrombosis - PE

Answer 41

fibrinolytic therapy | continue CPR for 60-90 min after

Question 42

what additional imaging technique can help to find reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Answer 42

ultrasound

Question 43

what are different ways of gaining vascular access

Answer 43

peripheral veins central veins intraosseous

Question 44

what kinds of ECG are there

Answer 44

adhesive pads 3 lead 12 lead

Question 45

what are the 6 steps to reading an ECG

Answer 45

1. is there electrical activity 2. what is the ventricular rate 3. regular or irregular rhythm 4. wide or narrow QRS complexes 5. atrial activity present 6. atrial activity in association with ventricular activity

Question 46

which medication is given in bradycardia

Answer 46

atropine - antimuscarinic

Question 47

what is the difference between defibrillation and DC cardioversion

Answer 47

defibrillation = immediate treatment of life threatening arrhythmias in patient with no pulse, non-synchronised cardioversion = any process that aims to turn an arrhythmia into sinus rhythm, synchronised with QRS complexes

Question 48

what types of cardioversion are there

Answer 48

electrical | chemical

Question 49

indications for DC cardioversion

Answer 49

decompensated AF SVT VT with a pulse

Question 50

management of a supraventricular tachycardia SVT

Answer 50

vagal manoeuvres eg valsalva, carotid sinus massage | adenosine IV

Question 51

ST elevation in leads I, aVL, V5, V6 affects which part of the heart and which vessel in occluded

Answer 51

lateral circumflex artery

Question 52

ST elevation in leads II, III, aVF affects which part of the heart and which vessel is occluded

Answer 52

inferior right coronary artery

Question 53

ST elevation in V1-4 affects which part of the heart and which vessel in occluded

Answer 53

anterior LAD artery

Question 54

what is the antidote to paracetamol poisoning

Answer 54

N acetylcysteine

Question 55

what is the antidote to benzodiazepines

Answer 55

flumazenil

Question 56

what is the antidote to morphine

Answer 56

naloxone

Question 57

what is the antidote to B blockers

Answer 57

glucagon

Question 58

what is the antidote to cyanides

Answer 58

amyl nitrite

Question 59

what is the antidote to digoxin

Answer 59

digiband

Question 60

what is the antidote to iron

Answer 60

desferroxamine mesylate

Question 61

what is the antidote to warfarin

Answer 61

vitamin K

Question 62

what is the antidote to OP compounds

Answer 62

atropine

Question 63

what must be done before cardioversion

Answer 63

sedate the patient | general anaesthesia