Restrictive Lung Diseases (L19) Flashcards
List the features of Restrictive Lung diseases.
6
- Increased Lung Density
- Lung is Stiff
- Reduced Compliance
- Breathlessness (Dyspnoea)
- Greater Effort to Inflate Lungs
- Abnormality of Alveolar Walls which renders them rigid
An increase in interstitial fluid or fibrosis produces what?
A Stiff lung.
What is ARDS?
What is it characterised by?
2
- ARDS is a syndrome of acute and persistent inflammatory disease of the lungs and is characterised by:
- Bilateral inflammatory infiltrates
- Ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to the fractional concentration of inspired air (Pa02/FiO2) of less than 200 mmHg.
List the risk factors of ARDS.
6
- Sepsis (the most common cause)
- Massive trauma with shock and multiple transfusions
- Hypovolaemic shock (the volume of circulatory sytstem is depleted thus there is limited circulation to the tissues)
- Pneumonia
- Smoke Inhalation
- Drugs – paraquat, heroin, asprin
List the features of ARDS.
7
- Diffuse alveolar damage
- Hyaline membranes line the respiratory
bronchioles - Severe injury to alveolar capillary walls
- Tachypnea (abnormally fast breathing) and Dyspnoea.
- Pulmonary Oedema
- Arterial Hypoxaemia
- Alveolar flooding and Atelectasis (due to loss of surfactant)
What is the ARDS mortality rate?
40%.
When a person has Interstitial Lung disease (ILD) the lung is affected in what three ways?
- Lung tissue is damaged
- Walls of the acini become inflamed
- Fibrosis begins in the interstitium and the lungs become stiff
_____ _____ _____ is a common term for more than 130 chronic lung diseases.
Interstitial Lung Disease.
Name the disease grouping.
- These develop over months/years and leads to a slowly decreasing respiratory efficiency.
- With chronic interstitial fibrosis leads to a ‘honeycomb’ lung.
- There is an infiltration of macrophages and microcyst formation.
- Clinically patients exhibit dyspnoea, cough and in advanced cases hypoxemia and cyanosis.
Chronic Restrictive Lung Diseases.
___1___ lung disease has traditionally been thought to occur as a result of an initial injury to the lung that causes the recruitment of ___2___ cells, release of cytokines and eventually, from increased fibroblast activity parenchymal remodelling and ___3___.
- Interstitial
- Inflammatory
- Fibrosis
In terms of Interstitial Lung Diseases;
Inflammation of the bronchioles=?
Bronchiolitis.
In terms of Interstitial Lung Diseases;
Inflammation of the alveoli=?
Alveolitis.
In terms of Interstitial Lung Diseases;
Inflammation of the capillaries=?
Vasculitis.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) affects about __/100 000 people.
Otherwise known as?
15.
Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis.
List the 4 types of Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
- Usual Interstitial Pneumonitis (UIP)
- Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonitis (DIP)
- Acute Interstitial Pneumonitis (AIP)
- Non-Specific Interstitial Pneumonitis
