Restrictive Lung Disease: Silicosis, Asbestosis, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis Flashcards
What indicates that restriction of pulmonary movement is due to abnormally stiff lungs?
If the chest wall and pleural covering of the lungs can move normally and the airways are patent, then restriction of pulmonary movement means that the lungs are abnormally stiff.
3 main causes of abnormally thick lungs:
- Interstitial oedema
- Cellular infiltration
- Fibrosis
What 2 ways are used to classify restrictive lung disease:
- Acute vs. chronic
2. Upper vs. lower lobes
What are the acute restrictive lung diseases?
DAD
What are the chronic restrictive lung diseases?
- Fibrosing interstitial lung disease
- Granulomatous lung disease
- Eosinophilic pneumonia
- Smoking related interstitial lung disease
What types of fibrosing interstitial lung disease are there?
- interstitial pneumonia (UIP)
- non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)
- other
What types of granulomatous lung disease are there?
- sarcoidosis
- chronic berryliosis
What is chronic berryliosis?
Looks identical to sarcoidosis - cannot distinguish without a history.
Results from exposure to berrylium (fluorescent lights)
What is the most important non-infectious cause of chronic restrictive lung disease?
Sarcoidosis
Which chronic restrictive lung disease is often associated with a travel history?
Eosinophilic pneumonia
What are the two types of smoking related interstitial lung disease?
- Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia (DIP)
2. Respiratory Interstitial Lung Disease (RBILD)
What are the 2 causes of interstitial fibrosis in the upper lobes of the lung?
- Silicosis
2. Granulomatous lung diseases
Which 3 granulomatous lung diseases cause interstitial fibrosis in the upper lobes of the lung?
- sarcoidosis
- chronic berryliosis
- extrinsic allergic alveolitis
What are the 2 causes of interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobes of the lung?
- Asbestosis
2. Transudate / exudate diseases
What transudate / exudate diseases cause interstitial fibrosis in the lower lobes of the lung?
- DAD
- Acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich disease)
- Chronic pulmonary fibrosis (UIP, NSIP, BOOP, DIP) and those associated with systemic diseases (RA, SLE, SS)
- Chronic edema and venous congestion of lungs
Chronic interstitial lung disease: 1. Fibrosing
What is the most important cause in SA?
Pneumoconiosis (due to mining history in SA)
Chronic interstitial lung disease: 1. Fibrosing
What is this associated with?
Collagen vascular diseases
Chronic interstitial lung disease: 1. Fibrosing
What are the associated disease types?
- Usual interstitial pneumonia (idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis) (UIP)
- Non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP)
- Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (BOOP)
- Pneumoconiosis
Chronic interstitial lung disease: 1. Fibrosing
What other conditions are associated?
- Drug reactions
2. Radiation pneumonitis
Chronic interstitial lung disease: 2. Granulomatous
What are the 2 associated disease types?
- Sarcoidosis
2. Extrinsic allergic alveolitis (hypersensitivity pneumonitis)
Chronic interstitial lung disease: 4. Smoking-related
What are the 2 associated disease types?
- Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP)
2. Respiratory bronchiolitis-associated lung disease (RBILD)
Chronic interstitial lung disease: other
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
What is pneumoconioses?
Non-neoplastic lung reaction due to:
- inhalation of mineral dusts (SA mines: coal, gold, platinum)
AND
- inhalation of organic as well as inorganic chemical fumes and vapors
What are the 4 type of pneumoconioses?
- Silicosis
- Asbestosis
- Coal Worker’s Pneumoconioses
- Mixed dust fibrosis
Development of pneumoconioses depends on what factors?
- Amount of dust retained in the lung and airways
- Size, shape and buoyancy of particles
- Particle solubility and physiochemical properties
- Possible additional effects of other irritants (e.g. concomitant tobacco smoking)
