Restorative Flashcards
1
Q
Terms for nasal profiles
A
Grecian (the straight)
Roman (the convex, hook or aquiline)
Infantile (the concave) retrousse’, snub & pug
2
Q
Types of prognathism
A
Maxillary
Mandibular
Alveolar
3
Q
The line of closure of the lips is like a hunting bow because it
A
curves up on the ends
4
Q
Cranial bones
A
ethmoid sphenoid temporal frontal parietal occipital
5
Q
Facial bones
A
vomer maxilla zygomatic nasal lacrimal palatine mandible inferior nasal concha
6
Q
The glabella is an eminence of the
A
frontal bone
7
Q
The zygomatic process is a part of the
A
temporal bone
8
Q
The very large muscle which covers the top and sides of the skull from occipital bone to eyebrows is
A
the occipitofrontalis
9
Q
Parts of the manidble
A
mental eminence
incisive fossa
alveolar process
ramus
10
Q
soft wax
A
also known as surface restorer is used on small surface repairs
11
Q
medium wax
A
also called Restorative or Derma surgery is firmer for feature restoration
12
Q
firm wax
A
also called wound filler is the hardest wax for feature restoration and large cavity and excision restoration. (requires firmly embalmed tissue and the basket-weave suture)
13
Q
lip wax
A
translucent or opaque
14
Q
temporary (interrupted) suture
A
individual stitches - maybe applied before embalming to hold tissues in position
15
Q
single intradermal suture
A
hold the margins of incisions (clean cuts) together; for a laceration or clean cut for a viewable area
16
Q
double intradermal suture
A
2 needles & a single thread - for irregular incisions, cuts or gashes (such as a gash on the forehead or areas where dessicated margins have been removed; for an L-shaped cut or tear or a gash in a viewable area
17
Q
worm suture
A
is used to gather in, and turn under excess skin tissues…a hidden suture made after embalming
18
Q
basket-weave suture
A
used for deep wound or excision to provide an anchor for the wax; it is applied after embalming
19
Q
purse-string suture
A
used for small holes such as trocar or colostomy opening; applied before or after embalming
20
Q
Torn skin can be repaired with
A
super glue
21
Q
Repair a compound fracture of the leg
A
Make every attempt to align all bones in the pre-embalming period
Wire the bone
Suture
Cover with plastic
22
Q
To correct a square face
A
Darken the sides of the forehead and chin;
Lighten the cheekbones
23
Q
To correct a triangle face
A
Lighten the sides of the forehead;
Darken the sides of jaw line
24
Q
To correct a round face
A
Lighten the cheeks;
Darken the forehead and jaw line
25
To correct a oblong face
Darken the chin and top of forehead;
| Lighten cheeks slightly
26
To correct an inverted triangle face
Lighten the chin and jaw line
Darken the sides of forehead and temples
Lighten the cheeks slightly
27
To correct a diamond face
Lighten sides of forehead, temples and jaw line
| Darken cheeks
28
___is a notch or opening between the tragus and the antitragus of the ear
intertragic notch
29
__is a triangular projection on the inferior portion of the anterior mandible
mental eminence
30
__is the lowest part of the back and base of the cranium, forming a cradle for the brain
occipital bone
31
__is the most common frontal geometric head form
oval
32
An equal mixture of two primary pigmentary hues creates a___
secondary hue
33
__are the inferior portion of the sides and base of the cranium, inferior to the parietal bones and anterior to the occipital bone
temporal bones
34
__is the line of color change at the junction of the wet and dry portions of each mucous membrane
weather line
35
__is the process on the temporal and zygomatic bones; which determines the widest part of the face
zygomatic arch
36
__are directly oppose hues on the color wheel
complements
37
__is a pyramid shaped muscle of facial expression which draws the eyebrows inferiorly and medially
corrugator
38
__is the bony ridge found on the inferior surface of the maxilla and the superior surface of the mandible which contains the sockets for the teeth
alveolar process
39
The injection of special liquids or creams into tissues through the use of a syringe and needle to restore natural contour describes
hypodermic tissue builder
40
__excessive leanness; a wasted condition resulting in sunken surfaces of the face
emaciation
41
__is the horizontal plate of the ethmoid bone separating the cranial cavity from the nasal cavity
cribiform plate
42
__is the principle muscle of the cheek which compresses the cheeks and forms the lateral wall of the mouth
buccinator
43
__is the fleshy termination of the nasal septum at the base of the nose; located between the nostrils; the most inferior part of the mass of the nose
columna nasi
44
__are the visible red surfaces of the lip
mucous membranes
45
__is another term for ear
pinna
46
An unbalanced proportion of complements with the warm hue or cool hue predominating describes a/an
tertiary hue
47
___are the eyebrows
supercillium
48
The care of the deceased to recreate natural form and color defines
restorative art
49
The face is__wide
5 eyes
50
__is the outer rim of the ear
helix
51
Any two hues seen together which modify each other in the direction of their complements describes
juxtaposition
52
The lightness of darkness of a hue is termed
value
53
List the 4 causes of distention
1. Embalming
2. Decomposition
3. Trauma
4. Pathological conditions
54
__muscle creates the widest part of the neck
SCM
55
__are the furrows radiating for the lateral corner of the eye
optic facial sulci
56
__profile is one in which the forehead protrudes beyond the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip
concave
57
__profile is one in which the forehead and eyebrows project equally to a vertical line and the chin protrudes more than the superior mucous membrane
vertical-concave
58
The mouth is___wide
2 eyes
59
The most important characteristic for the restorative artist to achieve in a restoration is
size
60
The very large muscle which covers the top and sides of the skull from the occipital bone to eyebrows is the
occipitofrontalis
61
The eyelids in natural repose:
abut, but do not overlap
62
__is the small convex prominence found lateral to the end of closure of the mouth; a natural facial marking
angular oris eminence
63
__is the small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus on the superior border of the lobe of the ear
antitragus
64
__is the property of a color by which it is distinguished from other colors
hue
65
__is a pigmentary hue produced by mixing, in equal quantities, a primary hue with its adjacent secondary hue on the color wheel
intermediate hues
66
__is a muscle of facial expression which elevates and extends the upper lip
levator labii superioralis
67
__is the rounded projection on the inferior portion of the temporal bones just posterior to the lobe of the ear
mastoid process
68
The attachment of a muscle which moves least when the muscle contracts describes the muscle's
origin
69
__is a coloring matter which be applied to an object, when combined with some type of vehicle
pigment
70
__is a hue into which various quantities of black are mixed
shade
71
The use of an oxidizing chemical to remove stain or discoloration is called
bleaching
72
The comparison of the two sides of the face to observe the similarities and differences is referred to as
bilateral
73
__is the study of the structures and surface markings of the face and features
physiognomy
74
__are areas of the skin surface which during life, are naturally reddened
warm color areas
75
__is a hue mixed with either a small quantity of gray or the complement of the hue, resulting in dulling the hue
tone
76
__is the eminence at the corner of the closed eyelids
inner canthus
77
A frontal view geometric head shape which is widest across the cheekbones, narrowing in width in both the forehead and jaws describes__shape
diamond
78
__is a framework
armature
79
In color harmony, two or more hues which have the same hue in common is referred to as
analogous
80
__are the invisible rays of the spectrum lying outside the violet end of the visible spectrum
ultra violet
81
__is a hue into which various quantities of white are mixed.
Tint
82
__is the vertical cartilage diving the nasal cavity into two chambers, responsible for asymmetry of the nose
septum
83
__is a suture made around the circumference of a circular opening or puncture to close it or to hold the margins in position
purse-string
84
__is the eminence of the cheek and adjacent to the mouth extending from the superior part of the posterior margin of the Wing of the nose to the side of the mouth
nasolabial fold
85
__is a synonomous term for a birthmark
nevus
86
__is a nasal index common to individuals of Western European descent having a long, narrow and high bridge
Leptorrhine
87
__is a crevice in the skin accompanied by adjacent elevations
furrow
88
__is the outermost layer of skin
epidermis
89
The anterior protruding ridge of the nose from the root to the tip of the lobe describes the
dorsum
90
__is a cosmetic technique which consists of highlighting those parts of the face or individual features to enlarge or bring them forward or shadowing them to reduce the appearance of size or deepen a depression
corrective shaping
91
__is a color not found in the visible spectrum; a neutral color such as black, white, gray and silver
achromatic color
92
__is correspondence in size, shape and relative position of parts that are on opposite sides of the face
symmetry
93
__are surfaces which do not lie at right angles to the source of illumination or are obscured by other surfaces and which reflect little or no light
shadow
94
__is known as the 'laughing muscle'
zygomatic major muscle
95
__in the eye are responsible for color detection
cones
96
__a profile variation in which the forehead recedes from the eyebrows while the chin protrudes beyond the plane of the upper lip
convex-concave
97
__is a color having hue; a color of the visible spectrum
chromatic color
98
__are those restorations requiring a long period of time, technical skill, and expressed written consent to perform
major restoration
99
__is a paired bone with several processes that form the skeletal base of most of the superior face, roof of the mouth, sides of the nasal cavity, and floor of the orbit
maxilla
100
__are the eyelashes
cillia
101
__is the yellow pigment of the skin
carotene
102
An apple is called red if the red rays are
reflected
103
Undercutting an excision, regardless of the purpose of the excision, helps to
hold wax in place
104
The primary reason for creaming an area that will remain exposed is to
inhibit dehydration
105
The distance between the eyes is
1 eye
106
Postmortmem burns are classified as
3rd degree
107
Having a dull finish, created by the application of loose powder
matte
108
__is the depression between the crura of the ear, the second deepest depression of the ear
triangular fossa
109
__is a soft restorative wax, usually tinted, used to surface the mucous membranes
lip wax
110
The basis for mortuary cosmetology pigment theory is the
Prang system
111
Concealing minor discoloration, tissue building, lip waxing are examples of
minor restoration
112
__are structures in the eye are responsive to light, but not color
rods
113
A depression or concavity is referred to as a/an__
fossa
114
Viewed on the face for restorative art purpose
horizontal lines
115
Using the eye as a standard measurement
vertical lines
116
The vertex and the base of the chin are examples of
imaginary horizontal lines
117
The distance between the eyes is__wide
one eye
118
The nose is__
one eye wide
119
The mouth is___the width of the eye
2 times; if the eye is 2.2 inches then the mouth is 4.4 inches
120
The dominant feature of the face is the
nose
121
The__have greater deviations from the physiognomical norm than any other feature
ears
122
The width of the face is___the length of the face
two-thirds
123
The width of the face is proportionally equal to the distance between the
base of the nose and the hairline
| eyebrow to the base of the chin
124
Basic linear forms of facial profiles
1. vertical
2. convex
3. concave
125
The widest part of the head is between the
parietal eminences
126
The face is___wide
5 eyes
127
The face is___long
3 noses
128
The length of the nose is equal to the length of the
ear
129
The width of the nose is equal to the width of the
eye
130
The line of closure of the lips from the base of the nose to the base of the chin is
one-third
131
The line of closure of the lips to the top of the chin is
one-third
132
The top of the chin to the bottom of the chin is
one-third
133
The__are located half-way between the vertex of the cranium and the base of the chin
eyes
134
The top of the ear is on the same plane as the
eyebrows
135
The bottom of the ear is on the same plane as
the base of the nose
136
The face is___
3 ears long
137
The mandibular fossa lies directly anterior to the
ear passage
138
The mastoid process lies below and behind the ear passage and is hidden
by the ear lobe
139
A___shows the profile and the fullness of the cheeks; would be best for restoring the zygomatic bones of the cheek
3/4 view picture
140
A__photograph shows the length and width of the face
frontal
141
A___shows the projections and recessions
profile picture
142
In restoring lips, the proper steps would be to:
1. Apply wax to the upper lip
2. Establish a natural lip line and line of closure
3. Apply wax to the lower lip
4. Cosmetize
143
The tiny prominence on the midline of the superior mucous membrane is the
medial lobe
144
Facial restorations should be made using
mathematical calculations, classic proportions and a photograph
145
Steps to modeling an ear from wax:
1. Make a wedge first
| 2. Form the anti-helix, choncha and the crura
146
Before applying restorative wax to an abraded surface, the tissue needs to be treated with
a cauterant such as phenol to dry out the tissue
147
The lateral end of the eye closure is
inferior and posterior to the medial end
148
In posing the eyes, the eyelids should meet at the
inferior third of the orbit
149
Restore advanced desiccation of the eyelids with
wax (then cover with opaque make-up)
150
Dehydration of the eye
stretch and glue
151
A laceration would be classified as
traumatic condition
152
Bodies viewed under normal lighting appear
over-cosmetized
153
Bodies viewed under slightly pink lighting will appear
normal
154
A standard___bulb with eggshell or ivory glass globes adds yellow to the color of the deceased
incandescent
155
The illumination resulting from the glowing of a heated filament (the best lighting in the selection room)
incandescent light
156
The color__ creates the illusion of reddish tones in a jaundiced body
blue (blue lighting will lighten green jaundice but will turn yellow to an orchid color)
157
Treatment of abrasions
apply wax then mask with opaque makeup
158
In order to lighten a color
the lighting color should be the same color you want to lighten
159
Lighting that is too strong and uneven will create
unnatural shadows on the face
160
What chemicals would be used to remove nicotine?
lemon juice and sodium hypochlorite (bleach)
161
What chemicals would be used to remove tar?
acetone, benzene and kerosene
162
What chemicals would be used to remove adhesive tape?
rubbing alcohol and ether
163
What chemicals would be used to remove ink and lacquer (finger nail polish)?
acetone
164
To remove discoloration under fingernails
Inject a bleaching agent (phenol/cavity fluid) below the nail
Separate the nail bed and using a cauterant (phenol/cavity fluid)
165
Cauterants are used for
bleaching and drying tissues
166
When pink or red lights are used to illuminate the cosmetized body, it becomes necessary to
Increase the amount of red color used on the cheeks, lips & ears (warm areas)
167
When pink or red lights are used to illuminate the cosmetized body, they have the effect of:
Decreasing the red tones in the cosmetic
168
When applying cosmetics to the deceased:
Use the same lighting that will be used to display the casketed remains
169
Illumination with a dim light can increase feelings of
comfort
warmth
sorrow
satisfaction
170
The original scientific standard of color
the spectrum
171
Bi-directional Rooms
both warm and cool light enters
172
9 Natural Facial Markings
```
Philtrum
Nasolabial fold
Nasal sulcus
Oblique palpebral sulcus
Angulus oris eminence
Angulus oris sulcus
Labiomental sulcus
Submental sulcus
Dimples
```
173
11 Acquired Facial Markings
```
Nasiolabial sulcus
Transverse frontal sulcus
Interciliary sulci
Optic facial sulci (crows feet)
Superior palpebral sulcus
Inferior palpebral sulcus
Bucco-facial sulcus
Mandibular sulcus
Labial sulci
Platysmal sulci
Cords of the neck
```
174
Restoration of eyebrows
may begin at either end of the eyebrow. The normal direction of growth is obliquely upward and outward
175
Restoration on the crown of the head
application begins at the point most distant from the hairline
176
Restoration of sideburns
apply inferior to superior
177
Technique used for restoring stray hairs
imbedding
178
Cement (glue)
is the strongest bond and used for long, dense or more extensive hair restoration
179
Wax
is used for all short hair and hairline restorations
180
The method of affixing hair depends on
length
181
Primary hues
red, yellow and blue
182
Secondary hues
purple, green and orange
183
Standard hues
the 6 primary and 6 secondary hues (red, yellow, blue, purple, green & orange)
184
Intermediate hue
mixture of equal amounts of a primary hue and its adjoining secondary hue (ie: yellow-orange)
185
Complimentary colors
located directly opposite to each other on the color wheel
186
Methods of reducing swollen lips
1. electric spatula
2. aspiration
3. channeling
4. external pressure
187
Methods of reducing swollen eyelids
1. external pressure
2. cavity fluid pacs/chemical compresses
3. dehydrating agents
4. aspiration
5. surgical reduction
6. electric spatula
7. channeling
188
Causes of distention
1. embalming
2. decomposition
3. trauma
4. pathological conditions
189
Methods to reduce distention
1. external pressure
2. excision
3. aspiration
4. incision
190
Techniques to soften wax
1. warmth of hands
2. mix with massage cream
3. mix with petroleum jelly
4. mix with cosmetics
5. heath spatula
191
Four structures used to replace the ear
1. External Auditory Meatus (the keystone to accurate location)
2. Zygomatic Arch
3. Mandibular Fossa
4. Mastoid Process
192
Wings of the nose
lateral lobes of the nose
193
Zygomatic arch
the processes on the temporal and zygomatic bones; determines the widest part of the face
194
Zygomatic bones
bones of the cheeks (bones of the face)
195
Zygomaticus major
muscles of the face which draw the superior lip posteriorly and superiorly
196
Zygomaticus minor
muscles of the face which draw the superior lip superiorly and anteriorly
197
Vomer bone
bone of the nasal cavity situated between the nasal passages on the median plane; it forms the inferior and posterior portion of the septum of the nose
