Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Plants > Restoration Ecology > Flashcards

Restoration Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of coastal ecosystems?

A
  • structural characteristics are intact marsh and mudflat e.g. estuary
    • come in form of hydro-period, accretion and migration inland with sea level rise
  • functional characteristics (i.e. ecosystem services)
    • come in form of biodiversity, carbon storage, food production and raw materials, waste treatment, nutrient filtration, erosion control and recreational uses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different types of carbon?

A
  • black: coal burning, tar sands mining
  • grey: vehicle emissions
  • green: forest biomass
  • blue: ocean and coastal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the drivers that affect structure and function of a coastal ecosystem?

A
  • external drivers
    • sea level rise
    • storm frequency and intensity
    • local tides
    • freshwater discharge
    • precipitation
    • surface drainage
    • sediment and nutrient input
  • internal drivers
    • interrelationships between biological factors and microtopographic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Examples of recuperation of a coastal ecosystem:

A
  • recovery
    • discontinue mosquito control measures
  • mitigation
    • allow the gate on a tidal control device stay open to minimize control
  • restoration
    • removal of dykes, ditches and tidal gates
  • enhancement
    • open water marsh management where channels are created to increase open water for mosquito predators
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Problems associated with tidal salt marshes:

A
  • consequences of restriction and sea level rise = salt marsh prevented from migrating inland leading to loss of wetland
  • tidal salt marshes can only survive if it can vertically accrete and move inland with sea level rise
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Restoration history of BC:

A
  • first silviculture planting in mid 1930s
  • interest in restoring Garry Oak meadows on Vancouver Island in early 1990s
  • Watershed Restoration Program created in 1995 by Forest Renewal
  • BC chapter of Society for Ecological Restoration formed in 1999 = still active
  • GOERT (Garry Oak Ecosystem Recovery Team) = still active
  • GCC (Grasslands Conservation Council) = still active
  • Terrestrial Ecosystem Restoration Program (TERP) = no longer active
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is ecological restoration?

A
  • fully restore the components and processes of a damaged ecosystem
  • target may be previous historical site or contemporary standard or desired condition
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some restoration measures?

A
  • reinstating natural disturbances or removing unatural disturbances
    • allowing sea water to re-enter marsh
  • reintroducing native species, soil and/or water amendments and herbicide use
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is conservation?

A
  • preservation of existing species, landscapes or ecosystems
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is mitigation?

A
  • reduction of environmental damage by reducing specific pollution sources
  • introduces concept of environmental credits, cap and trade and carbon credits
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is stewardship?

A
  • maintaining or protecting a natural area or natural resources
  • linked to sustainability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is enhancement?

A
  • refers to manipulating habitat to allow a selected species to exceed its historical population levels in that particular area
  • socio-economic motive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is open marsh water management?

A
  • where suitable habitat is created for larvivorous (mosquito eating) fish
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some general sources of damage to an ecosystem?

A
  • habitat loss and fragmentation
  • pollution
  • alien species invasion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some specific sources of damage to an ecosystem?

A
  • urbanization
  • overgrazing
  • logging
  • fire suppresion
  • damming
  • off-road vehicles
  • roads and utility corridors

These can lead to soil compaction, soil erosion and siltation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you restore a Garry Oak meadow?

A

Restore essential ecosystem characteristics including:

  • spatial integrity i.e. habitat fragmentation
  • biotic integrity i.e. exotic species
  • fire disturbance i.e. vertical and horizontal structures
17
Q

What is spatial integrity?

A
  • deals with habitat fragmentation
  • Vancouver Island and Maple Bay were once prime GO habitat
  • less than 2.5% of the original GO ecosystems remain and they have 30 red and 17 blue listed species
18
Q

What is the difference between red listed and blue listed species?

A
  • Blue listed: ecological communities, indigenous species and subspecies of SPECIAL CONCERN
  • Red listed: ecological communities, indigenous species and subspecies that are EXTIRPATED, ENDANGERED or EXTINCT
19
Q

What is biotic intergrity?

A
  • deals with exotic species
20
Q

What are some examples of native grasses?

A
  • lemmon’s needlegrass
  • california brome
  • pacific brome
  • alaska brome
  • california oatgrass
  • blue wildrye
  • roemer’s fescue
  • alaska oniongrass
21
Q

What are some examples of exotic grasses?

A
  • Colonial Bentgrass
  • Sweet Vernalgrass
  • Brome species:e. g., Rip-gut
    e. g., Soft Brome
  • Early hairgrass
  • Silver hairgrass
  • Hedgehog Dogtail
  • Common Velvet-grass
  • Orchard Grass
  • Kentucky Bluegrass
  • Barren Fescue
22
Q

What are some examples of exotic shrubs?

A
  • english hawthorne
  • scotch brome
  • daphne
  • english ivy

and many more….

23
Q

What is fire disturbance?

A
  • high frequency burning introduced by First Nations every few years with spring and fall fires with low severity (cool burning)
  • prevented dominance by conifers and promoted grasslands and Garry Oak savannah landscapes
24
Q

What are the problems associated with no burning?

A
  • without periodic fire, most oak dominated savannah and woodland will convert to CDF forest
  • oak stands have increased tree density
  • grassy understories have decreased and have been replaced by invasive native (snowberry and indian plum) and exotic shrubs (scotch broom, himalayan blackberry)
  • causes a COPPICE effect = increased stem density due to cloning
25
Q

What is the classification of plants?

A
  • physionogmic
    • NO species but has structure of community
  • floristic
    • species are INCLUDED

Plants (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions