Restless Earth

Question 1

Characteristics of a composite volcano

Answer 1

• Made from andesite lava
• Steep sided
• Highly explosive

Question 2

Characteristics of a shield volcano

Answer 2

• Made from basalt
• Low, wide cone
• Non-viscous lava
• Non-explosive

Question 3

Liquefaction

Answer 3

When land acts like liquid due to seismic shaking

Question 4

The bay area of Kobe

Answer 4

Osaka Bay

Question 5

Caldera

Answer 5

A deep depression created by a super volcanic eruption

Question 6

Characteristic of an oceanic plate

Answer 6

• Newer (less than 200 million years old)
• Denser
• Can be sub ducted
• Can be renewed or destroyed

Question 7

Characteristics of an continental plate

Answer 7

• Older (more than 1500 million years old)
• Less dense
• Cannot be sub ducted
• Cannot be renewed or destroyed

Question 8

Destructive subduction plate margin

Answer 8

Due to convection currents, the oceanic plate sub ducts beneath the continental. The oceanic plate melts and the crust becomes magma. As the crust melts gasses are released. Pressure builds, leading to an eruption. Layers of magma and ash create the shape of the volcano.

Question 9

Conservative plate margin

Answer 9

The plates brush against each other

-pressure builds causing the plates to jolt into a new position

Question 10

Constructive plate margin

Answer 10

Oceanic plates are forced apart by convection currents

Question 11

Geosyncline

Answer 11

Natural dip found of the ocean bed

Question 12

How are fold mountains formed?

Answer 12

1. Geosyncline
2. Ocean deposits sediments in these geosynclines
3. Sediments are compressed and are turned into sedimentary rocks such as limestone
4. Plates are forced together at destructive plate margins (can be subduction or collision)
   Sediment layers are forced upwards into fold mountains.

Question 13

How are ocean trenches formed?

Answer 13

Ocean trenches are formed when two plates collide at a destructive subduction plate margin . The oceanic plate is dragging down the continental, creating the ocean trench.

Question 14

How do people use fold mountains?

Answer 14

1. Tourism
   - main source of income
   - summer activities such as mountain biking and climbing
   - winter activities such as skiing
2. Farming
   - transhumance (seasonal farming)
3. Mining
   - easy mining of metals and minerals
4. Hydroelectric power
   - steep V shaped valleys, easy to dam

Question 15

Case study for fold mountains

Answer 15

Livigno, Italy

• Invested heavily in the ski industry
• Skiing forms over 90% of Livigno’s economy
  1. Developed alp lines infrastructure to overcome limited communication:
• Swiss built road and tunnel network linking Livigno into the outside world
• Roads are built with snow sheds to ensure year round access to towns.
• Cable cars and 33 ski lifts added to improve access to 115km of ski slopes.

Question 16

Earthquake

Answer 16

The violent shaking of the ground

Question 17

Focus

Answer 17

Where the pressure is released along the fault line

Question 18

Epicentre

Answer 18

Located directly above the focus on the earth’s surface. This is where the most energy is felt