Restless Earth 2 Flashcards
What are the global effects of Yellow stone Erupting?
87,000 initial deaths 50km high ash clouds Starvation for 40% of population Transportation effected Ash cloud would reach the Uk in five days of eruption Temperatures would decrease by 12-15 degrees Europe would have constant snow Monsoons would fail Growing season would be shorter Global economy under collapse
Key points to remember for Kobe Japan earthquake ?
7.2 on Richter scale 6,434 dead Gas mains ruptured No water for days 220 billion dollars in initial damage Companies such as Panasonic tempera rely close Fires engulfed areas from gas pipe rupture Motorola provided free phone connection Evacuation New buildings had to be built with 1981 code Flexible steel framed buildings Shock absorbers under buildings
What are the three p’s
Prediction
Protection
Preparation
Key facts for Haiti 2010?
7.0 on Richter scale 220,000 people killed Main port badly damaged 1.3 homeless Looting Aid supplies were not immediate Outbreak of cholera Dead bodies had to be buried quickly buried to prevent further disease Had to wait longer for food aid USA sent 10,000 troops to search and rescue Government moved 200,000 people to neighbouring areas Haiti depended on overseas aid New homes needed building
Earthquake proof materials ?
Fire resistant material Shatter resistant Felixble steel frames Shock absorbers Steel bracing open areas
Primary and secondary effect of tsunamis ?
Primary effect: Earthquake
Secondary effect: Water is displaced
Boxing Day tsunami
Info Australian subducts under Eurasian
7 billion donated worldwide
Took a month to clear debris to start building
Quick burial to prevent disease
Aid
Red Cross donated 4 million pounds
Restored mangroves as they acted s s shield by absorbing shock waves
Mangroves also good for breeding ground for fish
Formal warnings sent to other countries spread through email, radio, tV and Internet .
Warnings through bells attached to mosques
Costed 20 million
Effects of Boxing Day Tsunami?
275,000 people killed
Tourist figures dropped by 80%
9.9 billion estimated damage
Risk of epidemic diseases as bodies were rotting
2 million homeless
Coral reefs were destroyed
600,000 people lost their livelihoods in acheh
Key facts on Nyiragongo earthquake ?
47 killed from petrol station blowing up
Half a million fled to Rowanda but returned within a week for aid
Diseases such as cholera spread
Lava destroyed land
Oxfam provide food,blankets and shelter for refugees
14 neighbouring villages destroyed
Mount st Helens
8km exclusion zone 5.1 on Richter scale Landslide destroyed all 27km from the north of the crater 57 dead Helicopters sent to search and rescue Air conditioners clogged Shortage on masks and 2 million more were needed Drainage effected 3 days to clear ash 1.4 million cost Increased soil fertility 10 years later small traces of green appeared as animals returned Tourist industry began to recover Spirit lake had felled trees which still covet a third of the lake New crater formed Volcano better monitored Tourism increase 200 homes destroyed
Shield volcano
Wide base Gentle slopes Thin runny lava Little ash Frequent eruptions Non violent Constructive plate margin.
Composite Volcano
Narrow base Steep slopes Thick lava Lots of ash Infrequent eruptions Violent Destructive plate margins
The Andes
Tourism
-Machu Pichu, inca trail
250 species of orchids
Farming: Terracing Unrealiable weather Subsistence farming Soil is thin HEP Steep slopes and narrow valleys Snow melted from mountain tops Easily dammed
Mining
Town of Cajamarca increased to 240,000 people
Describe the formation of a supervolcano?
Rising magma can’t escape forming a large budge on the surface. Cracks appear in the surface and gas and ash erupt from the magma chamber. The magma chamber collapses forming a caldera .
