Rest

Question 1

Mission requirements

Answer 1

cooling (shield from Sun), Particles (below/above radiation belt), High cadence (far from Earth)

Question 2

Keplers laws

Answer 2

1. orbits elliptical, Sun in focus.
2. radius vectors of planets sweep out equal areas per unit time (conservation of angular momentum)
3. P^2 prop to a^3 (conservation of energy)
   Derived from data of Tycho Brahe

Question 3

Radial velocity equation

Answer 3

v_rad = v_0 + Kcos( (theta+omega)+ecos(omega) )

Question 4

Cosmic Vision (2015-2025)

Answer 4

• Conditions of planet formation and life
• How does the solar system work
• Fundamental laws of physics in the universe
• Origin of the universe and what is it made of

Question 5

ESA science programs

Answer 5

• Horizon 2000
• Horizon 2000 +
• Cosmic Vision
• Voyage 2050

Question 6

Horizon 2000

Answer 6

1980s, fixed sizes of missions were classified as Cornerstone C and Medium M. Includes solar missions, planetary, Xray, IR, gamma, cosmological, astronomical, GWs

Question 7

Decadal Survey (science theme+priority area)

Answer 7

1. Worlds and Suns in context (from disks to evolution, because of the rate of exoplanet discoveries, promise of JWST)
   - > Habitable Worlds (Signatures of life)
2. New Physics (DM,DE, neutrinos, GWs, lots of progress on CMB,compact objects, high energy neutrinos)
   - > Dynamic Universe (using light,GWs,neutrinos to study cosmic explosions and mergers of compact objects)
3. Cosmic Ecosystems (from planets to web of filaments, because of JWST and numerical simulations)
   - > Drivers of Galaxy Growth (young universe, BHs in galaxy centers, invest in new theories)

Question 8

4 large astrophysics space mission concepts

Answer 8

• LUVOIRS (Large UV Optical IR Survey) -> exoplanets, re-ionizing epoch, galaxy form/evo, star/planet form
• HabEx (Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission) -> Earth-size habitable planets, liquid water
• Origins Space Telescope -> IR telescope, Cosmic Dawn, re-ioniz, BHs, ISM, protoplanetary disks, exoplanets
• Lynx Xray Observatory -> BHs, galaxy form/evo, stellar evo

Question 9

ESA Voyage 2050

Answer 9

• Moons of the giant planets (habitability of the ocean worlds, search for biosignatures, the moon-planet system, follow up after Cassini-Huygens and JUICE)
• Temperate exoplanets in MW (atmospheres, habitable conditions, dynamics stars)
• New physical probes of the early universe (How did it begin, GWs, CMB)

Question 10

Rocket =

Answer 10

engine formed entirely from propellants and oxidizers, uses action=-reaction from expanding gasses

Question 11

Why are satellites the best?

Answer 11

High spatial resolution, all wavelengths, long duration, high cadence

Question 12

Hohmann transfer orbit

Answer 12

two maneuvers to go from a small circular orbit to a large one

Question 13

Assumptions for using transits and probability

Answer 13

Known stellar M-R relation, planet orbit circular, Mp