RESS

Question 1

What is population?

Answer 1

every member of a defined group of interes

Question 2

what is a representative sample in a population?

Answer 2

selected group in population

Question 3

what is categorical data?

Answer 3

Data that is assigned to a number of distinct categories

Question 4

what is nominal data/

Answer 4

a category with no order

Question 5

what is ordinal data?

Answer 5

a category with order

Question 6

what type of chart is appropriate for categoric and discrete metric variables?

Answer 6

bar chart and pie chart

Question 7

what type of data would a bar chart accurately represent?

Answer 7

categoric and discrete metric variables

Question 8

what type of data do histograms present?

Answer 8

the frequency distribution of continuous variables

Question 9

what type of data is standard deviation only appropriate for?

Answer 9

metric

Question 10

what is the incidence of a disease?

Answer 10

the number of new cases of that disease arising in a population over a defined period of time

Question 11

what is the incidence rate?

Answer 11

the number of new cases occurring in pre-defined period of time / divided by the number of people at risk in the population during that same period

Question 12

what is prevalence?

Answer 12

how many people in a population have a disease amongst a population at a specific time

Question 13

what is prevalence?

Answer 13

number of people with a disease at a certain time / number of people in the population at that time

Question 14

do shorter or longer duration diseases have a lower prevalence

Answer 14

shorter

Question 15

what type of disease is prevalence data most useful for?

Answer 15

chronic disease

Question 16

what is risk of a disease?

Answer 16

the number of new cases / number at risk

Question 17

what is odds

Answer 17

the number of times the event occurs divided by the number of times it does not occur

Question 18

what is the relative risk when the risk/odds ratio in the exposed group is the same as the unexposed group?

Answer 18

relative risk = 1

there is neither benefit or harm

Question 19

what is the relative risk when the exposure is associated with a protective effect?

Answer 19

relative risk

Question 20

what is the relative risk when the exposed group have greater risk/odds of contracting the disease, so the expose is associated with harm?

Answer 20

Relative risk > 1

Question 21

do you accept or reject the null hypothesis if the T stat is more than the critical value?

Answer 21

reject null hypothesis

Question 22

do you accept or reject the null hypothesis if the T stat is less than the critical value?

Answer 22

accept the null hypothesis

Question 23

what does it mean if R>0

Answer 23

positive correlation

Question 24

what does it mean if R

Answer 24

negative correlation - as one variable increases the other decreases

Question 25

what does it mean if R = 1

Answer 25

no correlation between variables

Question 26

what is sensitivity?

Answer 26

how well a test detects a condition | number of correctly test positive/ no with diseas

Question 27

what is specificity

Answer 27

how well a test correctly excludes those without the condition number of correctly tested negative/number without disease

Question 28

what is primary prevention?

Answer 28

prevention of future occurrence in unaffected individuals by removing a cause

Question 29

what is secondary prevention?

Answer 29

prevention of clinical disease by screening, early detection and/or treatment

Question 30

tertiary prevention?

Answer 30

treating clinical cases

Question 31

what is health equity?

Answer 31

differences in the quality of healthcare across different populations

Question 32

what is health inequality?

Answer 32

socio-economic differences in health outcomes

Question 33

epidemiology

Answer 33

the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states§

Question 34

what is analytical epidemiology?

Answer 34

what causes the disease e.g. lifestyle, physical, cultural

Question 35

what is descriptive epidemiology?

Answer 35

place, time person

Question 36

what is a type 1 error?

Answer 36

when the null hypothesis is true and you reject it

Question 37

what type of error is it when the null hypothesis is true and you reject it?

Answer 37

type 1 error

Question 38

what is a type 2 error

Answer 38

when the null hypothesis is false and you accept it