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RESS > RESS > Flashcards

RESS Flashcards

1
Q

What is population?

A

every member of a defined group of interes

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2
Q

what is a representative sample in a population?

A

selected group in population

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3
Q

what is categorical data?

A

Data that is assigned to a number of distinct categories

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4
Q

what is nominal data/

A

a category with no order

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5
Q

what is ordinal data?

A

a category with order

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6
Q

what type of chart is appropriate for categoric and discrete metric variables?

A

bar chart and pie chart

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7
Q

what type of data would a bar chart accurately represent?

A

categoric and discrete metric variables

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8
Q

what type of data do histograms present?

A

the frequency distribution of continuous variables

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9
Q

what type of data is standard deviation only appropriate for?

A

metric

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10
Q

what is the incidence of a disease?

A

the number of new cases of that disease arising in a population over a defined period of time

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11
Q

what is the incidence rate?

A

the number of new cases occurring in pre-defined period of time / divided by the number of people at risk in the population during that same period

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12
Q

what is prevalence?

A

how many people in a population have a disease amongst a population at a specific time

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13
Q

what is prevalence?

A

number of people with a disease at a certain time / number of people in the population at that time

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14
Q

do shorter or longer duration diseases have a lower prevalence

A

shorter

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15
Q

what type of disease is prevalence data most useful for?

A

chronic disease

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16
Q

what is risk of a disease?

A

the number of new cases / number at risk

17
Q

what is odds

A

the number of times the event occurs divided by the number of times it does not occur

18
Q

what is the relative risk when the risk/odds ratio in the exposed group is the same as the unexposed group?

A

relative risk = 1

there is neither benefit or harm

19
Q

what is the relative risk when the exposure is associated with a protective effect?

A

relative risk

20
Q

what is the relative risk when the exposed group have greater risk/odds of contracting the disease, so the expose is associated with harm?

A

Relative risk > 1

21
Q

do you accept or reject the null hypothesis if the T stat is more than the critical value?

A

reject null hypothesis

22
Q

do you accept or reject the null hypothesis if the T stat is less than the critical value?

A

accept the null hypothesis

23
Q

what does it mean if R>0

A

positive correlation

24
Q

what does it mean if R

A

negative correlation - as one variable increases the other decreases

25
Q

what does it mean if R = 1

A

no correlation between variables

26
Q

what is sensitivity?

A

how well a test detects a condition

number of correctly test positive/ no with diseas

27
Q

what is specificity

A

how well a test correctly excludes those without the condition
number of correctly tested negative/number without disease

28
Q

what is primary prevention?

A

prevention of future occurrence in unaffected individuals by removing a cause

29
Q

what is secondary prevention?

A

prevention of clinical disease by screening, early detection and/or treatment

30
Q

tertiary prevention?

A

treating clinical cases

31
Q

what is health equity?

A

differences in the quality of healthcare across different populations

32
Q

what is health inequality?

A

socio-economic differences in health outcomes

33
Q

epidemiology

A

the study of the distribution and determinants of health related states§

34
Q

what is analytical epidemiology?

A

what causes the disease e.g. lifestyle, physical, cultural

35
Q

what is descriptive epidemiology?

A

place, time person

36
Q

what is a type 1 error?

A

when the null hypothesis is true and you reject it

37
Q

what type of error is it when the null hypothesis is true and you reject it?

A

type 1 error

38
Q

what is a type 2 error

A

when the null hypothesis is false and you accept it

RESS (1 decks)

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