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Product 2 > responsible design > Flashcards

responsible design Flashcards

1
Q

how can we continue sustainability development? [3]

A
  • rethink and regulate consumption
  • develop sustainable particles
  • ensure demand in future can be met
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2
Q

what 3 factors need to be met to improve sustainability?

A
  • environmental sustainability
  • Economic sustainability
  • Social sustainability
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3
Q

what is a carbon footprint?

A

sum of all emissions caused by your activities in one year

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4
Q

what is carbon offsetting?

A

compensates for CO2 being produced

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5
Q

Factors that contribute to CO2 offsetting?

A
  • planting trees
  • using electric vehicles
  • renewable energy
  • donate to environmental charities
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6
Q

what can impact decisions when making a product?

A
  • energy generation and consumption
  • sourcing and use of materials
  • disposal of waste and used products
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7
Q

name 7 pollutants

A
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Carbon monoxide
  • Nitrogen oxides
  • Particulates
  • Methane [VOCs]
  • Petrochemicals
  • Biochemicals
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8
Q

What are forests?

A

carbon sinks

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9
Q

what percentage of CO2 is down to deforestation?

A

15%

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10
Q

what effects does deforestation have? [4]

A
  • communities displaced
  • habitats lost
  • soil erosion
  • flooding
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11
Q

3 effects of global warming

A
  • melting ice so rising sea levels
  • loss of habitats
  • Extreme weather
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12
Q

How do plastics impact the ocean? [3]

A
  • trap animals
  • microplastics transport bad chemicals
  • found on 40% of the ocean surface
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13
Q

How are we tacling the plastic crisis? [4]

A
  • 5p bag tax
  • deposit and return schemes in Norway
  • bottle recycling scheme
  • tax on packaging for takeaways
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14
Q

Who are trying to combat plastic waste?

A

POSIpot

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15
Q

what is the linear economic model?

A

take, make and dispose

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16
Q

What are the properties of the linear economic model?

A
  • finite resources
  • not made to be reused or recycled
  • disposed of in landfill
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17
Q

how does nature work in a circular way?

A
  • plant grows from seeds
  • animals feed on plants
  • seeds are spread in droppings
  • predation allows energy transfer between animals
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18
Q

what does the circular economic model?

A

re-thinks the reuse of products to re-balance consumption

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19
Q

what are the properties of the circular economic model?

A
  • products maintained and mended
  • renewable energy
  • sustainable and recyclable materials
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20
Q

What does Little Sun do?

A

-brings solar energy to people without electricity

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21
Q

what are the positives of little sun?

A
  • reduces CO2 emissions
  • social, medical and educational benefits
  • affordable energy
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22
Q

what company uses circular economy and how does it work?

A

Cradle to Cradle

  • Reuse waste created
  • holistic design approach
  • no toxic materials
  • cleaning waste water
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23
Q

what are Smile plastics?

A

100% recycled plastic waste used to make new materials

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24
Q

properties of smile plastics

A
  • create a range of products
  • wide range of patterns and colours
  • cut and machined
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25
Q

how is Aberporth combatting single use plastics?

A
  • milk in glass bottles
  • pubs stop using plastic straws and condiment sashes
  • use wooden cutlery
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26
Q

what is M&S plan A?

A
  • no waste to landfill
  • recyclable packaging
  • sustainably sourced products
  • reduced energy consumption
  • reduced green house gases
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27
Q

how are highstreets helping to be sustainable?

A
  • old clothes trade in
  • refurbish and resell electronics
  • buy used books, CDs and Games
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28
Q

how can designers increase sustainability of electronics?

A
  • limiting use of finite resources [metals]
  • fewer integrated parts
  • use sustainable energy
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29
Q

What are Rare Earth Elements and why are they being reduced?

A

metal ores used in batteries that have limited recyclability

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30
Q

what are batteries like in modern products?

A
  • rechargeable taking over disposable batteries

- require lots of energy and REEs used to correct battery disposal

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31
Q

what is the problem with integrated packaging?

A

mixed materials are combined so the are hard to separate

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32
Q

name 4 types of waste

A
  • energy
  • material off cuts
  • by products
  • chemicals
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33
Q

what are the 2 primary costs of waste?

A

environmental and financial

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34
Q

what costs of manufacture can be made?

A
  • lost revenue
  • storage
  • disposal
  • low efficiency
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35
Q

what are the waste management options in the correct stage order from 1 to 5?

A
  1. prevention
  2. prepare for reuse
  3. recycling
  4. other recovery
  5. disposal
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36
Q

why do companies make their products abroad? [5]

A
  • flexible
  • can focus on core business
  • utilise large manufacture units
  • save on labor costs
  • access larger workforces
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37
Q

what is a Life Cycle Assessment? [LCA]

A

evaluates the potential environmental impact of a product

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38
Q

2 positives of renewable energy

A

little to no waste

no CO2 produced

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39
Q

what has the development of photovoltaic cells done?

A
  • increased efficiency

- lower costs

40
Q

how does Hydroelectric power work?

A

dammed or flowing water is fed or pumped down pipes that drive a water turbine generator

41
Q

Do hydroelectric plants use or waste water?

A

no

42
Q

how do tidal barrages work?

A

power created by the motion of in and out ocean tides

43
Q

how does wave power work?

A

wave energy captured and converts the kinetic energy

44
Q

what is geothermal energy ?

A

earths internal heat and pressure harnessed to generate power

45
Q

what is biomass?

A

derived from organic material usually obtained from waste

46
Q

name 4 biomass’s

A
  • vegetable waste from farming
  • animal poo
  • domestic organic waste
  • wood waste from forestry
47
Q

whats the downfall of renewable energy?

A
  • weather dependent
  • challenging to store
  • more facilities needed to generate enough energy
48
Q

how is energy conserved?

A
  • updating old inefficient machines
  • reducing product miles
  • reuse and repurpose waste
49
Q

how is waste minimized?

A
  • scrapes reused
  • organic waste [biomass] used for energy
  • recovering waste and treating water onsite
50
Q

what areas need management systems?

A

energy consumption
waste generation
logistics
production

51
Q

how does increased accuracy and efficiency benefit a business?

A
  • reduce time to market
  • competitive advantage
  • increased market share
  • satisfied customers
52
Q

how does accuracy and efficiency impact economics?

A
  • reduced expenditure on energy and materials
  • reduced manufacture and labour costs
  • reduced waste processing and disposal costs
53
Q

how does accuracy and efficiency impact environment?

A
  • fewer resources used
  • less energy used
  • lower pollution
  • less waste made
54
Q

what are the stages of a product design specification? [5]

A
  • development
  • prototyping
  • testing
  • production planning
  • production
55
Q

what are working drawings used for?

A
  • show technical details

- help accurate modelling and manufacture

56
Q

what 7 factors contribute to prototyping/modelling?

A
  • anthropometrics
  • ergonomics
  • function
  • usability
  • form
  • aesthetics
  • tolerances
57
Q

why is market research used?

A

gain insights into prototyping products

58
Q

name 4 allowances for materials

A
  • graphic product has narrow bleed
  • wooden joint has overlap
  • textiles has seam allowance
  • electric wires cut longer
59
Q

what is Quality Assurance?

A

a procedure or system which is followed to achieve the desired quality level

60
Q

what 4 steps does quality assurance include?

A
  • measuring variables
  • comparing specifications
  • monitoring of the process
  • feedback loops to prevent errors
61
Q

what is quality assurance’s` goal?

A

defect prevention

62
Q

what can be used as a simple way to plan manufacture?

A

flowchart

63
Q

how do flowcharts help manufacture? [3]

A
  • highlight critical control points
  • allow feedback
  • help identify problems or bottlenecks
64
Q

how does a Gantt chart help manufacture? [5]

A
  • shows product phases
  • individual tasks
  • key milestones
  • required resources
  • relates time to tasks
65
Q

what is Kaizen?

A

improves efficiency and eliminates waste in all areas of production

66
Q

what 3 factors make kaizen work?

A
  • employee collaboration
  • evaluation and innovation
  • practical improvement
67
Q

what is a Total Quality system?

A

customer focused process centred strategy

68
Q

what features are involved in a Total quality system? [5]

A
  • integrated strategies and systems
  • employee involvement
  • communication
  • constant feedback
  • continued improvement
69
Q

what is scrum?

A

quality driven framework for managing product development and problem solving

70
Q

what is the scrum process?

A
  • scrum initialised by product owner with a product backlog
  • scrum master leads team in short sprint tasks
  • scrum used meetings to keep on track
71
Q

what are the 4 types of scrum meeting and what happens at each?

A
  1. sprint planning -set up sprint details
  2. daily stand ups- check its going to plan
  3. sprint review - deliver results and get feedback
  4. sprint retrospective - reflect on improvements
72
Q

what is a sprint backlog?

A

list of products to produce in next scrum

73
Q

what is a scrum board?

A

list of tasks for each member and tracks their progress

74
Q

what is Six Sigma and what does it refer to?

A
  • aims to improve process and management performance by identifying and removing main cause of error
  • refers to the number of allowable defects
75
Q

how many defects are allowed in Six Sigma?

A

3.4 defects per million

76
Q

what 2 methods do businesses use for planning projects?

A

Project Evaluation and Review Techniques [PERT]

Critical Path Analysis [CPA] or Critical Path Method [CPM]

77
Q

what are the similarities between PERT and CPM?

A
  • rely on arrow and node programs
  • calculates the longest path of all planned activities to an end point
  • tasks have FLOAT so can be delayed without delaying the project
78
Q

what is CPA?

A

6 step method used to plan sequential activities to give 1 expected time frame

79
Q

what are the 6 stages of CPA [critical pathway analysis]

A
  1. specify each task
  2. sequence activities
  3. draw network diagram
  4. estimate timelines
  5. identify critical path
  6. update diagram to show progress
80
Q

what is PERT?

A

plans sequential activities but allows for the calculation of a realistic time frame [no single estimate]

81
Q

what 3 factors are used to estimate a PERT time frame?

A
  • optimistic duration
  • most likely duration
  • pessimistic duration
82
Q

what is the final calculation to find the most realistic time frame for PERT?

A

optimistic duration + 4 most likely+ pessimistic ÷ 6

83
Q

what 4 steps ensure a quality product is made?

A

accurate

  • measuring
  • marking out
  • manufacturing
  • testing
84
Q

how can we ensure accurate measuring tools?

A

accurate reference points [datum] and surfaces for all other measurements to be taken

85
Q

name some measuring tools [5]

A
  • rulers
  • calipers
  • digital micrometers
  • lazer probe/scanner
  • digital test indicator
86
Q

what can tolerance apply to? [6]

A
  • hole depth
  • length
  • angle
  • thickness
  • weight
  • elasticity
87
Q

what equipment can be used to measure tolerances?

A

Go no go gauge

88
Q

what is quality control?

A

ensures standards are being met

89
Q

what 2 things are measured by quality control?

A
  • dimensional accuracy

- within tolerances

90
Q

what do visual quality control checks look for?

A
  • materials meet manufacturer requirements
  • parts and components within tolerance
  • finished product match spec
  • products comply with relevant standards
91
Q

What does Coordinate Measuring Machinery do?

A

checks measurements of finished components

92
Q

how does a probe scanner work?

A
  • calibrates pin and has highly sensitive sensors
  • tests dimensional accuracy
  • scans dynamically or by predetermined points
  • allows comparison against 3D CAD models
93
Q

what machine is used for laser scanning?

A

non contact coordinate measuring machinery

94
Q

what does laser scanning do? [4]

A
  • laser reflects off product surface
  • thousands of accurate measurements quickly
  • creates accurate 3D CAD model
  • spot potential wear and tear and predict maintenance
95
Q

what do non destructive tests do and name 2

A

check the internal structure of a product to measure wall thickness and internal faults

  • x rays
  • ultrasound

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