responses of the body systems to a single sport or exercise session Flashcards
What happens to osteoclasts during weight-bearing exercise?
Weight-bearing exercise increases osteoclast activity, which helps break down old bone tissue.
What do osteoclasts do in the bone?
Osteoclasts break down bone tissue, helping bones reshape and stay strong.
How do osteoclasts affect bone strength?
Osteoclasts remove old bone to allow new bone to form, keeping bones strong.
How does exercise affect synovial fluid?
Exercise increases the amount of synovial fluid in the joints, helping them move smoothly.
What happens to synovial fluid viscosity after exercise?
Exercise reduces the thickness of synovial fluid, making it more slippery for better joint movement.
Why is more synovial fluid good for joints?
More synovial fluid helps lubricate the joints, reducing friction and pain.
How does exercise affect synovial fluid production?
Exercise increases the production of synovial fluid, protecting and nourishing the joints.
What is muscle fiber recruitment?
Muscle fiber recruitment is the process of using different muscle fibers based on how hard you’re exercising.
What are Type 1 muscle fibers?
Type 1 fibers are slow and used for long, steady activities like running or cycling. They don’t get tired quickly.
What are Type 2A muscle fibers?
Type 2A fibers are fast but can still last for moderate activities like weightlifting or middle-distance running
What are Type 2X muscle fibers?
Type 2X fibers are the fastest and used for short, explosive activities like sprinting or lifting heavy weights
What happens to blood flow during exercise?
Blood flow to muscles increases during exercise to deliver oxygen and remove waste.
What are micro-tears in muscles?
Micro-tears are tiny tears in muscle fibers that happen during exercise, especially strength training
How do muscles repair after micro-tears?
Muscles rebuild stronger after micro-tears, which helps them grow over time.
How does temperature affect muscles?
Warm muscles work better and are less likely to get injured. Cold muscles are stiffer and can get hurt more easily.
What controls the breathing rate?
Breathing rate is controlled by chemicals in the blood (like CO₂) and signals from the brain.
How do chemicals control breathing?
When CO₂ levels rise or O₂ levels drop, the body speeds up breathing to balance them.
How does the brain control breathing?
The brain sends signals to muscles to adjust breathing based on body needs.
What muscles help with breathing?
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help you breathe in and out.
What other muscles help with deep breathing?
The sternocleidomastoid and scalenes help you take deep breaths.
What is tidal volume?
Tidal volume is the amount of air you breathe in and out with each breath.
What is minute volume?
Minute volume is the total air you breathe in or out in one minute. It’s tidal volume × breathing rate.
How do you calculate minute volume?
Multiply tidal volume by breathing rate. For example, 500 mL × 12 breaths = 6,000 mL/min.
What is the oxygen dissociation curve?
It shows how easily oxygen moves from the blood to tissues, based on factors like temperature and CO₂.
