responses of the body systems to a single sport or exercise session

Question 1

What happens to osteoclasts during weight-bearing exercise?

Answer 1

Weight-bearing exercise increases osteoclast activity, which helps break down old bone tissue.

Question 2

What do osteoclasts do in the bone?

Answer 2

Osteoclasts break down bone tissue, helping bones reshape and stay strong.

Question 3

How do osteoclasts affect bone strength?

Answer 3

Osteoclasts remove old bone to allow new bone to form, keeping bones strong.

Question 4

How does exercise affect synovial fluid?

Answer 4

Exercise increases the amount of synovial fluid in the joints, helping them move smoothly.

Question 5

What happens to synovial fluid viscosity after exercise?

Answer 5

Exercise reduces the thickness of synovial fluid, making it more slippery for better joint movement.

Question 6

Why is more synovial fluid good for joints?

Answer 6

More synovial fluid helps lubricate the joints, reducing friction and pain.

Question 7

How does exercise affect synovial fluid production?

Answer 7

Exercise increases the production of synovial fluid, protecting and nourishing the joints.

Question 8

What is muscle fiber recruitment?

Answer 8

Muscle fiber recruitment is the process of using different muscle fibers based on how hard you’re exercising.

Question 9

What are Type 1 muscle fibers?

Answer 9

Type 1 fibers are slow and used for long, steady activities like running or cycling. They don’t get tired quickly.

Question 10

What are Type 2A muscle fibers?

Answer 10

Type 2A fibers are fast but can still last for moderate activities like weightlifting or middle-distance running

Question 11

What are Type 2X muscle fibers?

Answer 11

Type 2X fibers are the fastest and used for short, explosive activities like sprinting or lifting heavy weights

Question 12

What happens to blood flow during exercise?

Answer 12

Blood flow to muscles increases during exercise to deliver oxygen and remove waste.

Question 13

What are micro-tears in muscles?

Answer 13

Micro-tears are tiny tears in muscle fibers that happen during exercise, especially strength training

Question 14

How do muscles repair after micro-tears?

Answer 14

Muscles rebuild stronger after micro-tears, which helps them grow over time.

Question 15

How does temperature affect muscles?

Answer 15

Warm muscles work better and are less likely to get injured. Cold muscles are stiffer and can get hurt more easily.

Question 16

What controls the breathing rate?

Answer 16

Breathing rate is controlled by chemicals in the blood (like CO₂) and signals from the brain.

Question 17

How do chemicals control breathing?

Answer 17

When CO₂ levels rise or O₂ levels drop, the body speeds up breathing to balance them.

Question 18

How does the brain control breathing?

Answer 18

The brain sends signals to muscles to adjust breathing based on body needs.

Question 19

What muscles help with breathing?

Answer 19

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles help you breathe in and out.

Question 20

What other muscles help with deep breathing?

Answer 20

The sternocleidomastoid and scalenes help you take deep breaths.

Question 21

What is tidal volume?

Answer 21

Tidal volume is the amount of air you breathe in and out with each breath.

Question 22

What is minute volume?

Answer 22

Minute volume is the total air you breathe in or out in one minute. It’s tidal volume × breathing rate.

Question 23

How do you calculate minute volume?

Answer 23

Multiply tidal volume by breathing rate. For example, 500 mL × 12 breaths = 6,000 mL/min.

Question 24

What is the oxygen dissociation curve?

Answer 24

It shows how easily oxygen moves from the blood to tissues, based on factors like temperature and CO₂.