Responding to "Routine" Emergencies Flashcards
1
Q
When responding to an odor of smoke in a commercial occupancy, telephone exchange, or a building that houses a transformer, one hazard may be present in the burning insulation?
A
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
2
Q
At an odor of smoke call, flickering, Tim, or nonfunctioning fluorescent lamp can indicate that the _________ is heating up.
A
ballast
3
Q
It is possible, in ballast devices manufactured before 1979, that the capacitor contains a small amount of ____ contaminated dielectric fluid.
A
PCB
4
Q
True or false: removing a fluorescent lamp smaller than eight feet will stop the flow of electricity.
A
False
5
Q
underwriter laboratories didn’t require thermal protection for approved recessed lighting until what year?
A
1982
6
Q
since the smell of overheating rubber mimics that of an electrical problem, you should consider checking ____________at an electrical odor call.
A
the belts of major appliances
7
Q
If you suspect that ignited lint is the source of the smoke condition, you’ll have to check both the clothes dryer itself and the entire run of the
A
vent duct.
8
Q
True or false: a loose wire in a junction box may cause overheating in another box, provoking a fire remote from the cause.
A
True
9
Q
a non-invasive way to check behind the wall for hot wires, smoldering beams, or active flaming is to use a
A
TIC
10
Q
should the fire department open sealed electrical boxes?
A
No
11
Q
in a residential building, will opening the main switch necessarily cut off all power to the home?
A
No
12
Q
true or false: some new meters may be removed without interrupting the flow of electricity into the building.
A
True
13
Q
does aluminum siding pose a threat of shock hazard?
A
Yes
14
Q
name four dangers associated with spraying water on a burning pole mounted transformer.
A
- Electrocution,
- PCB contamination,
- Explosion,
- Down wires
15
Q
treat all wires as if they were
A
live
16
Q
Is it entirely safe to use a rope or a wooden Pike pole to remove a downed power line from a vehicle?
A
No
17
Q
when power lines are down, danger zone should be at least ________in either direction of the fault.
A
one span between poles
18
Q
If, at the request of the utility company, the decision is made to flood in electrical manhole, the proper procedure you should follow is to
A
tie off the butt end of an open hose and remove all personnel to a safe distance.
19
Q
The major problem experienced with electrical manholes in the North East is deterioration due to
A
salt corrosion
20
Q
The gases generated by burning wiring are not only noxious and deadly, they are also _______and ________.
A
flammable and explosive
21
Q
The author recommends that you routinely test for dangerous levels of ____at every manhole incident.
A
CO
22
Q
Who should pull the cover off of a smoking manhole?
A
appropriately trained utility personnel.
23
Q
The most common home heating fuels are ___and _______.
A
oil and natural gas.
24
Q
Based on its viscosity, fuel oil is separated into how many grades?
A
6
25
the capacity of the fuel tank in a private dwelling is typically ___ gallons.
275 gallons.
26
To ignite the fuel oil in the combustion chamber of an oil burner, the fuel is _____, thus increasing its surface area.
atomized
27
Safety devices allowing oil burner pump to operate for no more than about ___seconds if no flames present.
90 seconds
28
This oil burner emergency occurs when unburned atomized fuel is ignited at the start of the burn cycle, resulting in an explosion. ____________.
Delayed ignition - Puff back.
29
The burning of pooled oil in the combustion chamber after the burner has shut down is known as ________.
afterburner.
30
This condition occurs when the flame repeatedly jumps away from and then returns to the burner nosecone. ________
Pulsation
31
since the white ghost is a potentially explosive situation, you should treat it as a _________
gas leak.
32
On arrival at an oil burner emergency, should you close the furnace door if you find it open? __________________.
No, closing the door causes severe pulsation.
33
After shutting down the power in the fuel supply valve, what is the proper way to extinguish a fire in the combustion chamber of an oil burner? __________________
Let it burn out on its own.
34
If smoke is filling the burner room accompanied by an oily odor, suspect _______________________
a blocked or disconnected flue or chimney.
35
The primary threat of an oil spill in the basement is that the vapors _____________________
will make the occupants of the building sick.
36
Typically, on residential water heaters, the temperature or pressure valve will function if the water reaches _________ or if the pressure exceeds ______.
210 degrees F or if the pressure exceeds 150psi.
37
Name two symptoms of a defective temperature - pressure valve. 1. ____________ 2. ______________.
1. Steam or hot water discharging from the temp - pressure valve.
2. Steam coming from the faucet.
38
Name two symptoms of a defective low-water cutoff. 1. _______, 2. __________.
1. Red hot water heater,
| 2. Smell of hot metal.
39
When the homeowner reports having heard a loud whooshing sound prior to noticing fire near the gas water heater, what problem is usually indicated? ____________
Delayed ignition (Puff back)
40
The natural gas intended for domestic use contain 70 to 90 percent ________, with _______making up most of the remainder.
methane, with ethane
41
Although natural gas is non-toxic, it can cause death by ________.
asphyxiation.
42
Typically, the odorant added to natural gas is ________.
Mercaptan.
43
Natural gas is about ___ as dense as air.
2/3
44
High-pressure gas transmission lines can be pressurized to as much as _______.
350 PSI.
45
Each end-user has a gas regulator installed to lower the pressure down to a usable pressure of about ___ PSI.
1/4 PSI.
46
The main danger of having water in a gas line is that he can cause ________in the same way that an air slug would.
flameout
47
For every increase in temperature of 4590F, the volume of air ________.
doubles.
48
To some extent, odorants can be absorbed by iron gas pipe, but only when the pipe is ____.
new.
49
What device enables you to determine not only that natural gas is present, but also its concentration and whether or not it is within its flammable range?
Digital flammable gas detectors
50
name the two probable results of excessive gas flow to an appliance. 1. ________ 2. _____________.
1. Blowout
| 2. Flame may grow too high.
51
Blocked burner ports, accumulated dirt, and low gas pressure can all result in _____________.
delayed ignition.
52
Don’t extinguish a gas fire until you ________________.
shut off the escaping gas.
53
Could keying the mic on a portable radio be enough to set off an explosion at a response to an interior gas leak?
Yes
54
when responding to an interior gas leak, you should position apparatus defensively against _______and ____________.
explosion and structural collapse.
55
True or false: the hazards associated with a propane gas leak are different from those of a natural gas leak.
True
56
in the case of a slight leak, is a gas indicator likely to give accurate results if you slip the probe underneath the door of a locked apartment? Why?
No, gas accumulates near the ceiling.
57
The shutoff found on the supply side of a gas meter is known as a _________________
meter 1/4 turn wingcock.
58
True or false: since metal pipe is conductive, and gas leaking from a metal pipe poses a static electricity hazard.
False (Plastic pipe is nonconductive and static can build up).
59
It is possible to stop the flow of gas from a small plastic pipe by folding the pipe over on itself? ______________________.
Yes, but you must consider static electricity
60
Fresh water weighs approximately ____ pounds per cubic foot at 40 degrees F.
62.4
61
By weight, how much water will be on a 30X45 foot roof if the water level is 3” deep?
1,350 sqft X 0.25’ = 21,060 pounds
62
when siphoning water off a roof, the author recommends that you use a length or two of one inch rubber booster lines since it will _______.
resist kinking.
63
One disadvantage of using an inductor is that it requires that a ________be left at the scene of a dewatering operation.
pumper
64
Describe what may happen if rising water meets an electrical outlet. It can - ____, ____________, ____.
It can - short, electrical hazard, fire.
65
True or false: dewatering a flooded basement removes the threat of electrocution.
False
66
true or false: when poking a sagging plasterboard ceiling to relieve the built-up of water above it, you should use the handle of the Pike pole.
True, less likely to snag the ceiling.
67
Is it possible to shut a hydrant too quickly?
Yes
68
when called to the scene of a reported water main break, what should your first action be?
Verify that the leak is from the main.
69
Explain why, if the source of the street flooding isn’t obvious, you should search for the location of a broken water main on foot.
It’s possible that the road has been undermined and the weight of the apparatus will collapse the road.
70
A firefighter should treat every vehicle fire has a potential ___________.
hazmat incident.
71
To avoid the hazard of shock absorbing bumpers, how should you approach a burning vehicle?
From the sides.
72
What two gases are formed within a battery as it charges? ______and _______.
Hydrogen and oxygen.
73
Explosive range of hydrogen is from ___________to _________.
4% lower to 71% upper.
74
In some vehicles typically those with ________engines, there may be more than one battery.
diesel
75
What is the principle hazard associated with the fuel lines of modern fuel injected vehicles?
A fuel line at 30 PSI will retain its pressure even after the engine is shut off.
76
Our power steering fluid and automatic transmission fluid flammable?
Yes
77
a fire impinging on a propane cylinder may lead to what type of explosion?
BLEVE.
78
Can the fuel tank of a vehicle powered by compressed natural gas experience the same type of explosion as a propane tank?
No, no BLEVE because it contains a gas and not a liquid.
79
If, after a fire in a vehicle has been put out, a thorough search of the interior and trunk of the vehicle reveals no victims, is the search complete?
No, always check under the vehicle for victims.
80
The author recommends thoroughly searching the trunk at every incident, but particularly under what condition?
When the car is found in remote areas.
81
Normally, the burning vehicle is on a slope, you should place the apparatus ______of it.
uphill
82
Name two ways to introduce water into the trunk besides opening or cutting the lid.
1. _________, 2. ________________
1. Through the backseat,
| 2. Breaking a taillight and inserting the nozzle.
83
Treated car burning inside a garage as a
structure fire.
84
How can a vice grip be used to hold up a garage door?
By clamping it on the track below the rollers.
85
When setting out flares to warn traffic of an incident site, how should they be placed?
Beyond the stopping range of oncoming traffic, and slanting to cover the farthest lane occupied by emergency vehicles.
86
when responding to a food-on-the-stove call, the type of incident that you encounter depends in large degree on _________________
the type of food being cooked.
87
True or false: the method of forcible entry used at a food on the stove incident should be in strict accordance with SOP’s so as to protect the department against legal action.
False Case-by-case basis
88
if you receiving a number of calls for an odor of smoke at a multifamily residence, need to check out each one?
Yes
89
smoke from burning food probably contains nitrogen dioxide. Name some of the symptoms of NO2 poisoning. ___, ________, ____________, ________, _________, _________
N/V, stomach pains, O2 deficiency in blood,
| headache, altered B/P, delayed onset of symptoms.
90
You what is perhaps the best way to open a double sash window to ventilate an apartment? ____________, _______________.
2/3 at the top, ½ at the bottom.
91
If a firefighter encounters heat while searching for victims and the source of the smoke, it is an indication that_________________.
it’s now a structure fire.
92
Is extension a possibility if you find a pot that is only smoking?
Yes, there may have been opened flame P TOA.
93
true or false: spraying water into a pan of burning cooking oil may cause the oil to splatter, but it will suppress the flames.
False, the hot oil can vaporized, ignite, and flareup even higher.
94
Is a glass of water enough to put out a fire in an oven?
Yes, the steam generated after you close the door will probably smother the fire.
95
shut off the gas at the meter.
shut off the gas at the meter.
96
After extinguishing a mattress fire in an apartment, where must you search? _________, the __________, and __________at minimum.
Entire apartment, the adjoining apartment, and apartment above at minimum.
97
Even after dousing a mattress fire within extinguisher, ____________________________.
you should thoroughly soak a mattress with a hand line.
98
To thoroughly extinguish a smoldering mattress you should _______.
cut it open.
99
True or false: extinguishing the fire in a foam mattress will curtail the generation of combustible gases.
False
100
to avoid eruption of flames when pushing mattress out a window, how should you prepare the mattress? _______________, _______________, then _______.
Fold the mattress in half, Burnside inside, then tie it up.
101
True or false: it is advisable to use an elevator when that is the fastest way to get a burned mattress out of the building.
False
102
What is the best way to stay out of the smoke if, for whatever reason, you aren’t equipped with a SCBA at a rubbish fire?
Use the reach of your line and keep the wind at your back.
103
Why isn’t the type of occupancy an adequate indication of the hazards associated with a fire in the dumpster out back? .
Any dumpster is prone to illegal hazmat dumping.
104
True or false: because of the many void spaces in trash, it is better to overhaul a dumpster fire manually than hydraulically.
False
105
the primary life hazard at a dumpster fire is that of _________.
firefighter
106
perhaps the best way to overhaul a pile of automobiles at a junkyard fire is to use ___________in conjunction with hydraulic overhaul techniques.
heavy equipment
107
The author mentions a simple way of identifying holes in the floor’s and stairways of derelict buildings. What is it?
Shine bright lights up from below.
108
When directing a master stream into a derelict building, how can an incident commander judge whether too much water is collecting in or being absorbed by the structure?
By monitoring the runoff.
109
What is the purpose of marking a derelict building?
To warn firefighters at future incidents of the building’s relative stability at the time it was marked.
110
Carbon monoxide has more than ____the affinity for hemoglobin as oxygen.
200X
111
True or false: although burning oil and propane are well known to produce carbon monoxide, natural gas does not.
False
112
Underwriters Laboratories has set the minimums for CO detectors in its standard known as _________.
UL 2034.
113
Why wasn’t CO poisoning in the home as much of a recognized problem prior to the 1970s as it is today? Give two reasons.
1. _________________, 2._________________.
illnesses – _________ Deaths – _______
1. Modern homes are airtight,
2. Many CO deaths and illnesses weren’t attributed to CO.
illnesses – 10,000 Deaths – 1,500
114
A hemoglobin molecule has how many binding sites for oxygen?
4
115
as the body is deprived of oxygen, the body tries to compensate by increasing the ____________.
breathing rate.
116
Giving continuous exposure to carbon monoxide, a person’s COHb level will rise until equilibrium is established with the _________.
ambient level of CO.
117
A 3% COHb level at a mere 1,400 feet is equivalent to ____ COHb at sea level.
20%
118
The smaller the victim’s body mass, the ________and _______the effect of CO on his system.
greater and faster
119
What tissues of the body are the most quickly in most adversely affected by carbon monoxide? ______________, and _____.
Cardiovascular system, and brain.
120
Cherry red coloration of a suspect victim a reliable indicator of CO poisoning?
No, late sign.
121
Mild CO poisoning mimics the symptoms of ______.
the flu.
122
With 100% oxygen and a tight-fitting mask, the half-life of blood stream CO drops to about ___________.
80 minutes.
123
True or false: hyperbaric patients can later suffer a relapse of CO is slowly released from the muscle tissue.
True
124
The vapor density of carbon monoxide is ____.
.96
125
explosive range of carbon monoxide is _____ to ____.
12.5 to 74%.
126
_______fuels create the most carbon monoxide,
_______fuels generate less, and
___ fuels produced the least.
Solid
liquid
gas
127
4. Why will a cold pot temporarily increase the formation of CO when it is placed on the burner of a gas stove?
Because it lowers the temp of the flame.
128
5. Before reaching operating temperature, a gas oven can give off as much as ______ of carbon monoxide.
800 ppm
129
What is reverse stacking?
Mechanically induced downdraft.
130
According to the text, a car that hasn’t been warmed up can initially give off __________ or more of carbon monoxide.
30,000 ppm
131
In terms of percentages, approximately how many U.S. homes are currently equipped with CO detectors?
6%
132
who should determine exactly how many ambulances are needed when dispatch received a call for a CO emergency?
The officer of the first arriving fire company.
133
True or false: the amount of CO that sets off an alarm would usually, given time, be lethal.
False
134
to detect low-level sources, it is important that a firefighter use a CO meter capable of sensing gas levels from _____to at least _____, and preferably _______.
0 ppm
200 ppm,
999 ppm.
135
Which government agency sets the most stringent standards for acceptable levels of CO?
EPA
136
when interviewing an occupant at a CO response, you should first take readings_______.
at the door.
137
If, after a thorough search of the house for CO and defective appliances, you find nothing, you should ___________________
set up a worst-case scenario.
138
Carbon monoxide meter they can record CO activity in a home over time and later download information into a computer is called a ____________.
datalogger.
139
A gas flame that isn’t properly adjusted and is giving off excess CO will be _______or ________in color.
yellow or orange
140
What sort of detector absorbs ambient CO and is based on synthetic hemoglobin contained in a small gel cell? .
Biomimetic.
141
The more CO that the gel cell absorbs, the ________it gets.
darker
142
Is the color of the module a sufficient indicator to tell whether a CO detector is of an old or new design?
No
143
in a semiconductor detector, oxygen _________the electrical resistance of the tin dioxide sensor, whereas carbon monoxide ________it.
increases, decreases
144
What is the power source used for a semiconductor detector?
110 volt house current.
145
As semiconductor detectors age, do they become more or less sensitive?
More
146
semiconductor detectors may react to high levels of __________as if they had been exposed to CO.
natural gas
147
This type of detector is composed of three electrodes in a pastelike electrolyte in a membrane that is porous only to gas. __________
Electrochemical
148
the typical lifespan of any carbon monoxide detector is about ________.
5 years.
149
Originally published in April 1992, UL 2034 was revised in October of what year?
1995
150
the 1992 version of the standard required that the detectors sound an alarm when the CO present in the air would cause the COHb in a healthy adult to reach ____.
10%.
151
At 400 ppm, UL 2034 requires a CO detector to sound an alarm within what length of time?
15 minutes
152
true or false: UL requires that detectors remain silent for a specified period of exposure to specified amounts of CO.
True
153
revised UL standard requires that a detector pass the rush-hour test for how many days in a row?
30
154
does the revised standard require all CO detectors to have a reset button?
Yes
155
the International Approval Service (IAS) standard requires that an alarm not sound before the occupants COHb levels reach ____.
5%.
156
True or false: carbon monoxide detectors may be triggered by a thermal inversion.
True
