respitatory Flashcards
Carbon dioxide is transported in the blood buffer as what
carbonic acid
surfactant decreases what in the alveoli
surface tension
the ascending loop of henle is permeable to
Sodium (Na+), potassium (K+) and chloride (Cl-) ions
when holding your breath for a long time we get the urge to breathe because of what
a decrease in carbon dioxide
an increase in volume of a container with air will do what to the pressure of the container
decrease the pressure
the descending loop of henle is permeable to what
water
hormonal control of sodium reabsorption occurs where
DCT
most of the nutrients in the filtrate are absorbed in this area
PCT
air passing from the pharynx to the trachea must pass though where
larynx
podocyte cells are part of what?
GLOMERLUS CAPILARIES. cover the exterior surface of the glomerular capillaries and contribute to the glomerular filtration membrane
which of the following blood vessels is directly associated with the nephron
corticil radiate vein
The function of the respiratory system is to bring oxygen to the blood and to remove the carbon dioxide. The respiratory system is composed of two parts:
Conducting Portion
Respiratory Portion
conducting Consists of a series of cavities and tubes conducting air to the lungs.
Nose Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles (terminal; transition between the conducting and respiratory portions).
Areas of respiratory gas exchange consisting of :
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli
Conducting parts provide a passageway air to reach the lungs and also for conditioning the air to make it suitable for the body by:
filtration (by hairs)
cleansing (by mucus and ciliary action)
moistening (by mucus)
warming or cooling (by heat exchange via blood vessels)
cells that line most of the conducting regions.
respiratory epithelium
Pharynx divided in 3 parts:
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Larngopharynx
The nasopharynx
serves as only an air passageway, and contains the pharyngeal tonsil, which traps and destroys airborne pathogens.
The oropharynx
is an air and food passageway that extends inferiorly from the level of the soft palate to the epiglottis.
The laryngopharynx
is an air and food passageway that lies directly posterior to the epiglottis, extends to the larynx, and is continuous inferiorly with the esophagus
The larynx has two functions:
1- phonation
(creation of sounds for speech)
2- control of the air pathway
hyperventilation
increase in rate and depth of breathing that exceed the body’s need to remove CO2
low CO2 levels in the blood
(hypocapnia)cerebral blood vessel constriction, brain perfusion reduction and cerebral ischemia results
low bp/hypoventilation
low PCO2
inhibits respiration, makes it slow and shallow
raises bp/hyperventilation
