Respirology Flashcards
How does the kidney correct respiratory acidosis?
Increases HCO3- reabsorption and excretes excess H+ as titratable acid and NH4+.
Which disease can cause respiratory acidosis?
COPD.
What is the likely diagnosis in a smoker with shortness of breath, wheezing, high CO2, and respiratory acidosis?
COPD exacerbation.
What is the recommended treatment for mild persistent asthma?
Daily low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) as needed.
Which form of autoimmune hemolytic anemia is known as cold agglutinin disease?
IgM-mediated AIHA.
Which test diagnoses autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
Direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test).
Which bacteria is associated with IgM cold agglutination of RBCs?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae.
What is the next step for a patient with acute respiratory failure due to COPD exacerbation who does not improve with non-invasive ventilation?
Endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation.
Which lab test is highly sensitive but not specific for ruling out DVT/PE?
D-dimer.
What is the modified Wells score used for?
Assessing pretest probability of pulmonary embolism (PE).
What is the threshold score in the modified Wells criteria that suggests PE is likely?
> 4.
What is the best initial management for high suspicion of pulmonary embolism?
Administer heparin.
What is the initial step in managing a suspected tension pneumothorax in an unstable patient?
Needle thoracostomy followed by chest tube placement.
What is the primary intervention for pleural effusion?
Thoracentesis.
Which condition is associated with transudative pleural effusion?
Congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.
What is the triad of aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD)?
Asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and nasal polyps.
What medication is effective for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease?
Montelukast and zafirlukast.
What is the next diagnostic step for suspected asthma with normal FEV1/FVC?
Methacholine challenge test.
Which test aids in diagnosing asthma?
Spirometry (PFTs) and methacholine challenge.
What is the first-line treatment for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in patients who exercise occasionally?
Short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) 10-20 minutes before exercise.
