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DT3- EXAM 2 > Respiratory Viral Infections 2 (3)-Melissa** > Flashcards

Respiratory Viral Infections 2 (3)-Melissa** Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

List the 6 examples of respiratory infections (that can be caused by viruses):

A
  1. rhinitis/ sinusitis
  2. Pharyngitis
  3. Tracheitis
  4. Bronchitis
  5. Bronchiolitis
  6. Pneumonia
    (Pneumonia is typically interstitial; note that viral pneumonia predisposes to bacterial pneumonia = more severe)
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2
Q

How are viral respiratory tract infections transmitted?
How is the location of viral infection determined?
Is viremia usually involved?

A

Viral RTI’s transmitted via droplet infection

  • Cells infected determined by Tropism
  • Typically infect epithelial lining + regional LNs
  • Viremia NOT typically involved
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3
Q

Describe the sequence of events that lead to symptomatic viral RTIs: (5)

A
  1. Virus binds strongly to receptor–>
  2. Mucocilliary system can’t clear virus–>
  3. Infected cell lysis–>
  4. Bradykinin + other inflammatory products released–>
  5. Symptoms ensue!
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4
Q

How long is typical incubation for viral RTIs with and without viremia involved?

A

Without viremia: SHORT (1-3 days)

With viremia: LONG (week-weeks)

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5
Q

Describe the rare process by which respiratory viral infections can cause secondary infection:

A

RVI–>
Viremia–>
Virus tropic to new tissue–>
Immunopath. Response

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6
Q

List the 6 viruses mentioned that cause respiratory infection without secondary infection:

A
  1. Picornaviridae
  2. Orthomyxovirus*
  3. Coronavirus
  4. Reovirus*
  5. Adenovirus
  6. Paramyxovirus

tu POC cant RAP when he’s got a cold!!!!!

*Fenger is just trying to be “inclusive”

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7
Q 
Paramyxoviridae Family: 
Genome
Capsid 
Envelope 
Replication location
A
  • (-) ssRNA, nonsegmented
  • Helical nucleocapsid w/ RNA-dep RNAP
  • Envelope w/ 1-2 glycoprotein spikes
  • cytoplasmic replication
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8
Q

What are the 7 possible paramyxovirus structural proteins and what are their roles in the viral life cycle?

A 
NC = nucleoprotein  
L + P = RNA-dep RNAP 
M = matrix (4)
H or HN = attachment 
F = fusion (3)

3 are membrane proteins, 4 are inside!

Note: each virus has 6!

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9
Q

Paramyxoviridae Glycoprotein HN: describe its role

A 
H = hemagluttinin (facilitates ATTACHMENT to host cell)
N = neuraminidase (cleave sialic acid, neuronic acid in mucin= ^^VIRULENCE)
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10
Q

Paramyxoviridae Glycoprotein H: describe its role

A
  • hemagluttinin without neuraminidase

- only facilitates attachment to host surface

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11
Q

Paramyxoviridae Glycoprotein F: describe its role (2)

What is required for it to be functional?

A
  • facilitates FUSION with host cell membrane
  • facilitates SYNCITIA, formation of prokaryocytes
  • requires proteolytic CLEAVAGE (like flu H)
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12
Q

Which GENUS and SPECIES of the Paramyxoviridae family causes Croup/ related infections?

What type of glycoproteins does this virus have? (2)

A
  • Paramyxovirus genus–> Parainfluenza species

- HN, F glycoproteins

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13
Q

How does Type 1 Parainfluenza Virus affect:
Infants (2)
Children (1)
Adults (4)

A
  • Infants: ARD (Acute respiratory distress), pneumonitis
  • Children: Bronchiolitis
  • Adults: colds, coryza, pharyngitis, bronchitis

Infection moves UP the respiratory tract with age, babies get LRIs, kids get bronchiolitis, adults get bronchitis/ URIs!!

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14
Q

How does Type 2 Parainfluenza Virus infection manifest?

A

All get Laryngotrachiobronchitis (CROUP)

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15
Q

How do Type 3 and 4 Parainfluenza Virus infections manifest (3)?

Which typically infects patients first?

A

ARD, bronchitis, pneumonia

Typically Type 3 infects FIRST (50% kids get it by 1 yoa)–>
Types 1, 2, 4 infect later

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16
Q

Describe the immune defense against parainfluenza virus.
How are IgA and IgG involved?
Is viremia necessary for disease?

A
  • Short lived IgA mediates majority of immunity
  • Maternal IgG NOT helpful
  • Viremia is NOT necessary for disease
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17
Q

Which genus in the family Paramixoviridae is responsible for causing RSV (respiratory syncytial virus)?

Which glycoproteins does this virus have?

A
  • Pneumovirus genus causes RSV

- F glycoprotein ONLY (syncitia formation)

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18
Q

How does Pneumovirus (RSV) manifest in:
Infants
Other age groups

A 
#1 cause LOWER RESPIRATORY INFECTION in infants
- WORSE infection under 8mos

Older age groups: Winter URTI + LRTI (more immunocomp.)

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19
Q

Describe the role of IgA and maternal IgG in defense against RSV:

A
  • IgA mediated immunity

- IgG can be DETRIMENTAL to baby due to immune complex formation and deposition (Type III hypersensitivity)

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20
Q

How are babies at high risk of pneumovirus (RSV) infection treated? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A

Intravenous:

  1. RSV-Ig
  2. Anti-RSV MAbs
21
Q

How are CHILDREN at high risk for pneumovirus (RSV) infection treated?

Study These Flashcards
A

Monthly Palivizumab (MAB) infusions

22
Q

What is Human Metapneumovirus

Study These Flashcards
A
  • part of pneumovirus genus

- RSV-like imposter in kiddos under 5 yoa

23
Q

Is the killed RSV vaccine a good treatment?

Study These Flashcards
A

NO. Causes immune complex formation. Very dangerous.

24
Q

Describe the Picornaviridae genome and structure (capsid, envelope?).

Which are acid labile/ stable?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • (+) ssRNA, nonsegmented
  • icosahedral capsid
  • NO ENVELOPE

Enterovirus: acid stable
Rhinovirus: acid LABILE

25
What are the 4 key genera in the picornaviridae family?
1. Coxsackie 2. Echovirus 3. Enterovirus 4. Rhinovirus In PicORNaviridae (porn), Rhino Cocks Enter with an ECHO.
26
Coxsackie A: Where do all infections BEGIN? 2 super high yield infections caused by these viruses? Remind yourself of three other associated diseases:
ALL infections begin in resp. system 1. Common cold 2. HFM disease Also: herpangina + pharangytis w. *posterior enanthem*; summer grippe; hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
27
What exactly IS Hand Foot Mouth disease?
Disease lesions on palms and soles, throughout mouth (enanthem); no crusting of exanthem
28
Coxsackie B: How many subtypes? Where do all infections begin? 1 super high yield infection caused by these viruses? Remind yourself of 5 other associated diseases:
6 subtypes - ALL infections begin in resp system - Causes common cold Also: *neonatal myocardial/ pericardial disease*; summer grippe; epidemic myalgia; aseptic meningitis; maculopapular rash
29
When do most coxsackie infections occur? | How is the virus isolated from infected patients?
- Summer, fall | - Throat swab >>> feces >>> CSF
30
Echoviruses: | What type infection do these cause? (3)
- Respiratory infections (start in epithelial cells) - Aseptic meningitis - Summer fever/ MP rash
31
What is the significance of Enterovirus TypeD68?
- Causes SEVERE respiratory illness in kiddos | - WORSE with asthma
32
How many serotypes are there of rhinovirus and what type of infection do these viruses cause? Describe the typical clinical course:
100+ serotypes Causes common cold! 24 hour incubation--> rhinitis w. little to no fever--> self limiting course
33
Why is vaccine not possible for rhinovirus? (3)
1. IgA has limited immunity 2. virus does not culture well 3. too many serotypes
34
Coronaviridae Family: | Genome + structure
* Remember, piCORna and CORona have the same CORE! (+ssRNA)! - Corona = crown in spanish!! - CORONAviridae is the king, because he has a HUGE genome, largest of these viruses. - HELICAL nucleocapsid - Envelope with 2 glycoproteins that form peplomers
35
Describe replication of Coronaviridae family viruses: Host cell receptor Location replication Envelope + peplomer acquisition Does the virus make cytopathic effect?
1. Binds METALLOPROTEASE receptor + NEURAMINIC ACID co-receptor on host cell--> 2. CYTOPLASMIC replication via replicative intermediates--> 3. Budding at ER (envelope)--> 4. Egression at Golgi (peplomers) *No CPE or replication in culture!!
36
Excluding SARS, what type of infections are caused by Coronaviridae family viruses? How many antigenic types of viruses are there in this family? How do these infections typically present?
5 antigenic groups: cause GI and Resp infections Respiratory infections typically present as AFEBRILE bronchitis, pharyngitis, or common cold
37
Which family of viruses encompasses the SARS virus? | How did this virus originate and become virulent towards humans?
Coronaviridae Family | Asian infected civit cats and bats--> mutation--> ww SARS outbreak
38
What is the host cell receptor for SARS virus? | What kind of infection does this virus cause?
ACE 2 on respiratory epithelial cells | SEVERE LRTI w/ HIGH MORTALITY!
39
How do we diagnose SARS? | How do we prevent it from spreading?
- PCR | - Quarantine infected and exposed individuals (home, work, or social)
40
Which genus within Adenovirus family can infect humans?
Mastadenovirus genus
41
Describe the Adenovirus genome/ structure (capsid? envelope?)
- Linear dsDNA - Capsid (252 capsomers: 240 hexons, 12 pentons) - No envelope *Adeno and Picorna are NAKED*
42
Describe the structure of the adenovirus capsid; where are hexons and pentons found? What three components make up a penton--which component causes its antigenicity?
Hexons (240): found at face; has 6 neighboring capsomers Pentons (12): found at apices; has 5 neighboring capsomers 1 Penton = base, fiber (antogenic!), knob
43
Where do adenoviruses replicate? | What are 2 early proteins in this process?
Replicates in nucleus | Early proteins = thymidine kinase, DNAP
44
What are 2 important infections caused by adenovirus?
1. 5-50% URTIs | 2. Shipyard conjunctivitis
45
What type of disease is caused by Adnenovirues 4 and 7?
- SEVERE respiratory infection w/ possible ONCOGENIC POTENTIAL in military recruits (NOT other counterparts of similar age!) - Vaccine went away because of Big Pharma assholes; now there is a new vaccine, and the powers that be are considering working Ad 14 into it as well...
46
Viruses in this section with "no envelope"
- picornaviridae (only SSRNA we have learned so far with no envelope) - adenovirus
47
#1 viral infection of the respiratory system in young kids?
RSV (paramyxoviridae --> pneumovirus --> RSV)
48
Virus in this unit with LARGE genome?
CORONAviridae! Huge! The KING of the viruses wears the crown; corona for CROWN (spanish word)
49
Where does replication for most RNA viruses occur?
cytoplasm! | So most viruses in this unit = cytoplasmic replication EXCEPT adeno because its the only DNA virus!!!!

DT3- EXAM 2 (19 decks)

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