Respiratory Tract - Virus Flashcards
Antivirales contra influenza A solamente
Amantadina y rimantadina.
A person with influenza infection is more susceptible to…
Bacterial superinfections (more adherability) and pneumonia
Immune substances that promote antiviral activity agains influenza.
Interferon a and 𝝀
Systemic influenza symptoms are caused by _________, whereas local symptoms result from_________.
Systemic: interferon and cytokines
Local: epithelial cell damage
Type of influenza virus more predominant in humans, does not undergo antigenic shift.
Influenza B
Only influenza virus that undergoes genetic reassortment, often associated with pandemics, zoonotic.
Influenza A
Glycoproteins exchanged in influenza A virus that generate a new strand.
HA glycoproteins
Respiratory virus that causes intercelular fussion (sincitium and multinuclated giant cell)
Parainfluenza
Suprasternal retraction after a 2-6 days incubation period is a sign of:
Parainfluenza
Cells in which parainfluenza virus can be cultivated
Monkey’s primary renal cells
Most common cause of acute and deadly infection of the respiratory tract in infants and toddlers.
SRV
Virus that infects practically everyone under 2 y/o, with lifelong reinfections.
SRV
This virus causes obstruction of brochi and broncheoli due to mucous, fibrin and necrotic material tampons.
SRV
Most common season of SRV infections
Winter
Difference between SRV and influenza epidemics.
SRV epidemics are always annually
Manifestation of SRV infection in infants and toddlers.
Bronchiolitis
Lung sounds in SRV infection
Expiratory ronchi
Immunologic substances that cause runny nose in rinovirus infections.
Bradykinin and histamine
Time lapse in which rinovirus immunity is lost
18 months
Ideal temperature and pH for rinovirus growth
33°C, basic pH (susceptible to acidic environments)
T/F. Rinovirus infection produces fever.
False
Etiology of the common cold
Rinovirus
Respiratory virus that causes a Pertussis-like syndrome and pneumonia
Adenovirus
Types of infection of the adenovirus
Lytic, latent and transforming
Main risk in an adenovirus infection in immunocompromised population.
Viremia
Transmission path of adenovirus
Aerosols, fecal-oral, and fomites. Low chlorine level swimming pools.
Non-seasonal respiratory virus with a higher risk population of <14 y/o
Adenovirus
Types of clinical manifestations of the adenovirus.
Asymptomatic
Pharyngoconjunctival fever
Acute respiratory infection
Fever, pharyngitis, acute conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphoid hyperplasia suggest.
Pharyngoconjuntival fever
An adenovirus positive test is confirmed once…
Laboratories have ruled out other causes for pharyngitis.
Serotypes covered in the oral vaccine for adenovirus
4 & 7
Second most frequent cause of common cold
Coronaviruses
Tropism of coronaviruses due to ideal temperature for replication
Superior respiratory tract (33-35°C)
Respiratory virus that frequently exacerbates other respiratory diseases, may cause pneumonia.
Coronavirus
Etiology of SARS
Coronavirus
Pneumonia, >38°C fever, dispnea, myalgia, diarrhea.
SARS
Pathogens that cause common cold
Coronavirus, rhinovirus, RSV
Syndrome cause by EBV
Mononucleosis
VIH, EBV, citomegaolovirus
Antivirals indicated in influenza
Oseltaminir and Zanamivir
Protein to which anitiinfluenzal drugs join
Neuroaminidase
Times children have respiratory viral infection during a year
5-6 times per year
Most frequent virus infecting children under two years of age
RSV
Immunological defense in lower respiratoy tract
IgA and macrophages
Most common respiratory tract infection
Innhalation
Moleule size for airborne transmission
<5 um
Influeza season time period
40 epidemiologic week to 20th week of next year
Influenza virus protein that favors adherance
Hemagglutinin (HA)
Enzime that helps influenza virus release virus
Nauraminidase (NA)
Minuo genetic influenza virus mutation that causes local epidemics
Drift
Major genetic influenza virus mutation that causes pandemics
Shift
Type of onset on influenza clinical manifestations, differentiating it from common cold.
Acute onset
Most important proinflamatory cytokine in influenza (non specific)
IL-6
Gold standard diagnostic test for influenza
PCR
Time lapse to provide antiviral treatment for influenza
First 48 hrs since symptom onset
Only 2 upper tract respiratory virus with specific treatment
COVID and influenza
*Immunocompromised for adenovirs
*SRV in some cases
Sensitivity for influenza Ag test
50-60%
Mechanism of action of influenza antivirals
Neuroaminidase inhibitors (Mexico: zanamivir)
Bacteria that cause secondary pneumonia after influenza
S. aureus and S. pneumoniae
Strain of parainfluenza virus that causes the most outbreaks
1
Long term effect of parainfluenza
Long term cough
Only antiviral for adenovirs
Cidofovir
Patient requirement for administration of adenovirus antivirals
Target organ afection or immunocompromised
Protein to which coronavirus spike protein join
ACE type 2
Diagnostic test for multiple respiratory infection pathogens
Respiratory PCR panel
