Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards
Name 6 upper respiratory tract infections
Coryza (common cold) Sore throat syndrome Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) Laryngitis Sinusitis Acute epiglottis
Name 3 lower respiratory tract infections
Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis
State and describe the 3 microorganism pathogenicities.
Primary - can infect anyone
Facultative - require some help from host
Opportunistic - relies on the hosts defence mechanisms to not be working
What 2 factors affect the likelihood of a host resisting infections?
Host defence mechanisms
Age of host
Describe briefly what epiglottis is.
Upper respiratory tract infection
Inflammation/ swelling of the epiglottis (flap which stops food going down the trachea)
What pathogen causes epiglottis?
Haemophilia influenzae (group A beta haemolytic streptococci) Mostly bacterial however can be viral
What are the 4 main respiratory tract defence mechanisms?
Macrophages muco- cilliated escalator system
General immune system: humoural and cellular
Respiratory tract secretions
Upper respiratory tract acts as a filter for the lower respiratory
What are the classifications of pneumonia?
Community acquired Hospital acquired Aspirated Atypical Recurrent Pneumonia in the immunocompromised
What are the patterns of pneumonia?
Bronchopneumonia Segmental Lobar Aspiration Hypostatic Obstructive Endogenous lipid Retention
Describe the difference in the presentation of bronchopneumonia, segmental and lobar pneumonia.
Bronchopneuomia presents with bilateral opacification, therefore has local consolidation
Lobar pneumonia presents with consolidation of an entire lobe