Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

Name 6 upper respiratory tract infections

A
Coryza (common cold)
Sore throat syndrome
Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup)
Laryngitis
Sinusitis
Acute epiglottis
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2
Q

Name 3 lower respiratory tract infections

A

Pneumonia
Bronchitis
Bronchiolitis

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3
Q

State and describe the 3 microorganism pathogenicities.

A

Primary - can infect anyone
Facultative - require some help from host
Opportunistic - relies on the hosts defence mechanisms to not be working

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4
Q

What 2 factors affect the likelihood of a host resisting infections?

A

Host defence mechanisms

Age of host

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5
Q

Describe briefly what epiglottis is.

A

Upper respiratory tract infection

Inflammation/ swelling of the epiglottis (flap which stops food going down the trachea)

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6
Q

What pathogen causes epiglottis?

A
Haemophilia influenzae (group A beta haemolytic streptococci)
Mostly bacterial however can be viral
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7
Q

What are the 4 main respiratory tract defence mechanisms?

A

Macrophages muco- cilliated escalator system
General immune system: humoural and cellular
Respiratory tract secretions
Upper respiratory tract acts as a filter for the lower respiratory

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8
Q

What are the classifications of pneumonia?

A
Community acquired
Hospital acquired
Aspirated
Atypical
Recurrent
Pneumonia in the immunocompromised
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9
Q

What are the patterns of pneumonia?

A
Bronchopneumonia
Segmental
Lobar
Aspiration
Hypostatic
Obstructive
Endogenous lipid
Retention
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10
Q

Describe the difference in the presentation of bronchopneumonia, segmental and lobar pneumonia.

A

Bronchopneuomia presents with bilateral opacification, therefore has local consolidation
Lobar pneumonia presents with consolidation of an entire lobe

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