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Pulmonology > Respiratory Tract Infections > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Infections Flashcards

1
Q

CAP Pathogen: Alcoholism

A

Klebsiella

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2
Q

CAP Pathogen: COPD/Smoker

A 
S. pneumo
H. flu
Moraxella
Cararrhalis
Legionella
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3
Q

CAP Pathogen: ECF Residence

A 
S. pneumo
H flu
GNR
Staph aureus
Anaerobes
Chlamydia pneumoniae
TB
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4
Q

CAP Pathogen: Hotel/Cruise ship

A

Legionella

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5
Q

CAP Pathogen: Exposed to bats

A

histoplasma capsulatum

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6
Q

CAP Pathogen: exposed to birds

A

chlamydia psittaci

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7
Q

CAP Pathogen: travel to southwest USA

A

coccidiodomycosis

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8
Q

CAP Pathogen: community with flu going around

A

s. pneumo
s. aureus
h. flu

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9
Q

Respiratory virus with the highest mortality

A

Influenza

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10
Q

1 cause of pneumonia in kids <6 months old

A

RSV

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11
Q

2nd most common cause of viral pneumonia

A

RSV

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12
Q

1 cause of sick visits/ absenteeism

A

common cold

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13
Q

Centor Criteria for strep throat

A
  1. fever
  2. anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
  3. exudate
  4. NO COUGH
    (need 3/4)
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14
Q

What is Ludwig’s Angina?

A

submandibular space infection, bilateral mouth floor
aggressive, rapidly spreading “woody cellulitis”
s/s: fever, mouth pain, stiff neck, drooling, dysphagia, enlarged tongue, indurated swelling, crepitus

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15
Q

Common xray finding in epiglottitis

A

thumbprint sign in lateral film

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16
Q

most common cause of epiglottitis in children

A

h. influenza

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17
Q

Most common cause of mild hemoptysis

A

Tracheobronchitis

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18
Q

Most common cause of croup

A

Parainfluenza

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19
Q

In croup, when does coughing peak?

A

night 2-3 of illness

20
Q

Common xray finding in croup

A

steeple sign

21
Q

1 pediatric cause of upper airway obstruction

A

croup

22
Q

1 cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants

A

RSV

23
Q

Who has a PPD cutoff of 5mm?

A

HIV +
recent TB contacts
immunosuppressed (chemo/transplant pt)

24
Q

Who has a PPD cutoff of 10mm?

A

recent immigrant from endemic country
injection drug user
healthcare workers
prisoners, homeless

25
Q

Who has a PPD cutoff of 15mm?

A

those with no known risk factors

soccer moms

26
Q

BCG vaccination for tuberculosis- what’s up with that?

A

it is used in high incidence areas, no good at preventing primary infection but is 60-80% effective in preventing reactivation in children. causes false positive PPD

27
Q

Classic TB drug regimen

A

Rifampin
Isoniazid (INH)
Pyrazinamide
Ethambutol

28
Q

Tell me about latent TB

A

in most patients, it’s the initial infection. smears and cultures will be negative and imaging will show little. Patient will have + PPD but is not sick or infectious

29
Q

What disease state shows asymmetric hilar adenopathy?

A

Primary TB

30
Q

Gold standard for TB diagnosis

A

sputum culture

31
Q

Tuberculoid vs. Lepromatous Leprosy

A

Causative agent: mycobacterium leprae
Tuberculoid: cellular response, limits disease well, reversal reactions go back to this form
Lepromatous: Ab-mediated, severe, peripheal nerve involvement and large # lesions

32
Q

In immunocompromised patients, what does MAC cause?

A

disseminated disease and febrile wasting syndrome

33
Q

1 cause of CAP

A

s. pneumo

34
Q

CAP: Top 3 causes of lobar pneumonia

A

(typicals)

  1. s. pneumo
  2. h. flu
  3. klebsiella
35
Q

CAP: Top 3 causes of diffuse pneumonia

A

(atypicals)

  1. mycoplasma pneumoniae
  2. legionella
  3. chlamydia
36
Q

CAP: Top 2 causes of post-flu pneumonia

A
  1. p. pneumo

2. s. aureus

37
Q

Top 3 HAP/VAP pathogens

A
  1. Psuedomonas
  2. Acinetobacter
  3. MRSA
38
Q

Common features of typical pneumonia

A

PRODUCTIVE cough, PURULENT sputum
SOB
+/- chest pain
lobar consolidation

39
Q

Common features of atypical pneumonia

A 
DRY, NON-PRODUCTIVE cough, scant sputum
mild dyspnea
extrapulmonary dz
immune mediated
diffuse infiltrate
40
Q

What pneumonia is characteristic of bullous myringitis?

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

41
Q

What pneumonia shows inclusions and reticulate bodies on cytology?

A

chlamydophilia pneumoniae

42
Q

What is the #1 cause of blindness, worldwide?

A

chlamydia trachoma

43
Q

Which pathogen can lead to fulminant pneumonia?

A

chlamydophilia psittaci

44
Q

Which pathogen is seen on silver stain and needs iron and cysteine to grow?

A

Legionella

45
Q

Which atypical is in the top 5 causes of CAP that cause patients to be admitted to the ICU?

A

Legionella

Pulmonology (1 decks)

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