Respiratory Tract

Question 1

where is the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

Answer 1

everything up to and including terminal broncioles. no gas exchange occurs

Question 2

what is the job of the conducting portion?

Answer 2

warm, moisten, and clean the air

Question 3

what cells line the conducting portion?

Answer 3

pseudostratified columnar with cilia up until the terminal broncioles, which are ciliated simple columnar.

Question 4

describe the anatomy and characteristics of the trachea

Answer 4

distal larynx to corina. pseudostratified columnar with cilia. c-shaped cartilage. limited smooth muscle but one wall is made up of trachealis. abundant goblet cells. seromucous glands.

Question 5

what are the 5 types of cells found in bronchi?

Answer 5

pseudostratified columnar with cilia. goblet cells. brush cells (afferent nerve cells) neuroendocrine cells. basal progenitor cells.

Question 6

describe the anatomy and characteristics of the bronchi

Answer 6

pseudostratified columnar with cilia. goblet cells but less than trachea and decreasing with size. irregular cartilage rings or cartilage plates. increasing proportion of lamina proprina is smooth muscle. still some seromucous glands but decreasing with size.

Question 7

describe the anatomy and characteristics of the bronchioles

Answer 7

pseudostratified columnar with cilia but moving towards columnar w/o cilia. no goblet cells any more. clara cells. prominent smooth muscle. no cartilage. njo seromucous glands anymore.

Question 8

describe the anatomy and charactersitics of terminal bronchioles.

Answer 8

can only make this differentiation if you see it split into 2 respiratory broncioles. simple columnar w or w/o cilia. no goblet cells or seromuscous glands. no cartilage. lots of muscle.

Question 9

describe the anatomy and characteristics of a respiratory bronchiole

Answer 9

lined by simple cuboidal. no glands, goblet cells or cartilage. lots of smooth muscle (proportionally). they open into alveolar ducts.

Question 10

how can you distinguish a respiratory bronchiole from an alveolar duct

Answer 10

the ducts are literally lined by alveoli. the bronchiole will have a cuboidal lining.

Question 11

describe alveoli

Answer 11

extremely thin (1um) simple squamous epithelial cell. 90% surface area (only 40% overall) lined by type 1 pneumocytes. type 2 penumocytes make up the remainder and secrete surfactant.

Question 12

dust cells

Answer 12

alveolar macrohpages which roam alveoli phagocytosing debris

Question 13

pores of kahn

Answer 13

fenestrations in type 1 alveoli that permit passage of air to adjacent alveoli to equalize pressure

Question 14

describe the relationship between bronchioles and blood vessel

Answer 14

bronchioles are closely mirrored by pulmonary arteries. they pulmonary veins drain blood from multiple lung segments

Question 15

describe the lymph drainage in the lung

Answer 15

divided into deep and superficial but both drain to nodes at the hilum

Question 16

describe the innervation of the lung

Answer 16

cardiac nerves- dilation of the bronchioles. vagus- constriction