Respiratory Systems Assessment and Problems Flashcards

1
Q

How long will a patient succumb to death without adequate airway maintenance and ventilation?

A

6-10 minutes

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2
Q

What is the most common cause of airway obstruction?

A

The tongue

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3
Q

T or F: The patients tongue can only block the airway when laying in supine position?

A

False. The patients tongue can block the airway in lateral, supine or prone position

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4
Q

What does the term “cafe coronaries” mean?

A

Choking mistaken for heart attacks, commonly in restaurants. Choking most often involves alcohol consumption or denture dislodgement

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5
Q

What is the most narrow part of the adult airway?

A

The glottis/glottic opening

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6
Q

What is the most narrow part of the paediatric airway?

A

Cricoid cartilage

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of spasm in the airway?

A

Overly aggressive intubation

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8
Q

What is the most commonly aspirated material?

A

Vomitus

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9
Q

Gastrointestinal bacteria can produce overwhelming infections. These complications occur in what percent of patients who aspire foreign matter?

A

50-80%

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10
Q

What 4 items does vomitus consist of?

A
  • Food particles
  • Protein dissolving enzymes
  • Hydrochloric acid
  • Gastrointestinal bacteria
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11
Q

What is the key to airway management in every patient?

Hint: one word

A

Vigilance

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12
Q

What 2 conditions might tripod position indicate?

A
  • COPD

- Asthma

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13
Q

How often does sighing normally occur?

A

About once a minute

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14
Q

What indicates respiratory distress specifically in infants and children? (2)

A
  • Nasal flaring

- Grunting

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15
Q

Why might patients with COPD sustain a drop in BP during inspiration?

A

Because they have increased pressure in the thoracic cavity that impairs the ability of the ventricles to fill

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16
Q

Why is posterior auscultation of the lungs preferred over anterior?

A

Because heart sounds do not interfere at this location

17
Q

T or F: The epigastrium should produce noise during ventilation?

A

False. It should be silent

18
Q

What is often referred to as the “5th vital sign”?

A

Pulse oximetry

19
Q

T or F: Sa02 correlates directly with Pa02

A

True. The greater the Pa02 the greater the Sa02

20
Q

3 causes of false pulse oximetry readings?

A
  • Carbon monoxide poisoning
  • High intensity lighting
  • Hemoglobin abnormalities
21
Q

What percentages dictate normal, mild, moderate and severe hypoxia?

A
  • Normal: 95-99%
  • Mild: 91-94%
  • Moderate: 86-91%
  • Severe: 85% or lower