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ANAPHY | RESPIRATORY > Respiratory system transcript > Flashcards

Respiratory system transcript Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of respiratory system

A

To supply blood with oxygen and give off carbon dioxide 4 events that must happen.

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2
Q

Other functions of respiratory system:

A
  1. Regulation of Blood pH
  2. Voice Production
  3. Olfaction (Smell)
  4. Innate Immunity
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3
Q

4 events that must happen

A

a. Pulmonary ventilation
b. External respiration
c. Internal respiration
d. Gas transport

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4
Q

moving in and out of air. Also called as breathing

A

Pulmonary ventilation

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5
Q

Oxygen diffuses from the lungs to the blood vessels > RBC. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood vessels to the lungs

A

External Respiration

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6
Q

Oxygen diffuses from blood vessels > RBC to tissues. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the tissues to the blood vessles.

A

Internal Respiration

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7
Q

Gas transport

A
  1. Oxygen- Lungs – Blood Vessels – Tissues
  2. Carbon Dioxide – Tissues – Blood Vessels– Lungs
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8
Q

Jutting external portion is supported by bone and cartilage.

A

Nose

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9
Q

Parts of external nose

A

Root
Bridge and Dorsum Nasu
Apex
Nares
Alae

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10
Q

Parts of the Internal Nose

A

Nasal Septum
Conchae/Turbinates

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11
Q

area between the eyebrows

A

Root

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12
Q

central/anteromedial portion

A

Bridge and Dorsum Nasi

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13
Q

tip of the nose

A

Apex

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14
Q

opening of the nose

A

Nares

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15
Q

lateral portion of the nares

A

Alae

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16
Q

Nose vary in size and shape primarily because of the differences in

A

Nasal cartilage

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17
Q

The oil is mostly oily because it is studded with ___ whoch produces ____

A

Sebaceous gland, sebum

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18
Q

separates the nasal cavity from right to left

A

Nasal septum

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19
Q

ridges of the nasal cavity which function to filter, warm
and moisture air.

A

Conchae/Turbinates

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20
Q

lighten the skull, act as a resonating chamber and made up of cilia to sweep away mucus out of the sinus

A

Paranasal sinuses

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21
Q

Common passageway of both respiratory and digestive systems.

A

Pharynx

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22
Q

Length of pharynx extending from the base of the skull to the sixth vertebrae

A

13cm

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23
Q

Also known as throat

A

Pharynx

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24
Q

opening of the pharynx

A

Choane

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25
Q

Divisions of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

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26
Q

Extends from choane to uvula

A

Nasopharynx

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27
Q

Air passageway only. During swallowing, uvula and soft palate runs superiorly which closes the nasopharynx and prevents food from coming inside.

A

Nasopharynx

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28
Q

Extends from uvula to epiglottis to oral cavity

A

Oropharynx

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29
Q

Food and air passageway

A

Oropharynx

30
Q

Food and air passageway

A

Oropharynx

31
Q

Food and air passageway, Few air passes through to prevent too much gas contents to the digestive tract

A

Laryngopharynx

32
Q

Sneeze Reflex

A
  1. When foreign substances (e.g. dust particles) enters the nasal cavity, the sensory receptors will be stimulated, thus, action potential are made.
  2. Action potential will be carried by the sensory neurons to the trigeminal
    nerve and medulla oblongata. From there, action potential will be processed.
  3. The motor neurons will carry the action potential that will cause the uvula
    and soft palate to move inferiorly to open the airway (sneeze)
33
Q

Photic Sneeze Reflex (Autosomal-Dominant Compelling Helio Ophthalmic Outburst)

A
  1. Exposure to bright lights (e.g. sunlight) can make pupils constrict. When pupils constrict, nasal membranes can be stimulated. If this happens, sensory receptors will be stimulated as well.
  2. Action potential will be carried by the sensory neurons to the trigeminal nerve and medulla oblongata. From there, action potential will be processed.
  3. The motor neurons will carry the action potential that will cause the uvula and soft palate to move inferiorly to open the airway (sneeze)
34
Q

Located in the anterior throat and it connects superiorly to the pharynx and inferiorly to the trachea.

A

Larynx

35
Q

Length of larynx extending from the 3rd cervical to the 6th cervical vertebrae.

A

5cm

36
Q

Has 9 cartilages

A

Larynx

37
Q

Also known as the voicebox

A

Larynx

38
Q

Unpaired larynx

A

Thyroid cartilage
Cricoid cartilage
Epiglottis

39
Q

Paired larynx

A

Cuneiform
Corniculate
Arytenoid

40
Q

o Largest and is attached to the hyoid bone
o Adam’s apple

A

Thyroid cartilage

41
Q

o Inferior to the thyroid
o Forms the base of the larynx 3. Epiglottis
o Elastic rather than hyaline

A

Cricoid cartilage

42
Q

Prevents food from entering the larynx.

A

Epiglottis

43
Q

Prevents food from entering the larynx.

A

Epiglottis

44
Q

o Inferior to the thyroid
o Forms the base of the larynx 3. Epiglottis
o Elastic rather than hyaline

A

Cricoid cartilage

45
Q

Folds of larynx

A

Vestibular Folds (False Vocal Cords)
Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)

46
Q

No role in sound production

A

Vestibular Folds (False Vocal Cords)

47
Q

When 2 false vocal cords come together, they prevent air from leaving the lungs. (Hold breath)

A

Vestibular Folds (False Vocal Cords)

48
Q

Medial pair
Glottis: opening

A

Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)

49
Q

Function to produce sound

A

Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)

50
Q

When talking, true vocal cords come together and produce vibration (sound)

A

Vocal Folds (True Vocal Cords)

51
Q

– Slower Vibration – Deeper Voice/Low Pitch

A

Longer an thicker larynx

52
Q

– Faster Vibration – Higher Pitch

A

Shorter and thinner larynx

53
Q

Descends from the larynx through the neck and into the mediastinum.

A

Trachea

54
Q

Consists of connective tissue and smooth muscle

A

Trachea

55
Q

Has cartilage rings to help protect and support trachea from collapsing despite of the pressure changes inside.

A

Connective Tissue (located anteriorly)

56
Q

For flexibility

A

Smooth Muscle/Trachealis (located posteriorly)

57
Q

Cough reflex

A
  1. When foreign substances enters the trachea, the sensory receptors will be stimulated, thus, action potential are made.
  2. Action potential will be carried by the sensory neurons to the vagus nerve and medulla oblongata. From there, action potential will be processed.
  3. The motor neurons will carry the action potential that will cause the trachea to decrease in size to allow short travel of air outside (cough)
58
Q

The trachea is lined with pseudostratified columnar which is made up of

A

Cilia and goblet cells (produces mucus)

59
Q

sweeps away the mucus produced by the goblet cells out of the trachea.

A

Cilia

60
Q

The end of the trachea (tracheal bifurcation) is called as

A

Carina

61
Q

Bronchi

A

• Trachea divides from right and left bronchus
• The left is more horizontal because it is crowded by heart
• The right is wider, shorter and vertical.
• The bronchi is located from proximal to distal

62
Q

Types of Bronchi

A

o Primary Bronchi (Main bronchi)
o Secondary Bronchi (Lobar bronchi)
o Tertiary Bronchi (Segmental bronchi) -> Bronchioles (smaller branches)

63
Q

Principal organs of respiration

A

Lungs

64
Q

resting on the diaphragm

A

Base (lungs)

65
Q

extending superiorly to a point about 2.5 cm above the clavicle.

A

Apex (lungs)

66
Q

Lungs divided into two

A

Right and left lung

67
Q

tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size.

A

Lung recoil

68
Q

lung recoil is tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size. It occurs because:

A
  1. Connective tissue of lungs is made up of elastic fibers
  2. Alveoli has surface tension
69
Q

important to reduce surface tension. Too much surface tension can lead to lung collapse.

A

Surfactant

70
Q

Each lung is surrounded by a separate

A

Pleural cavities

71
Q

Each pleural cavity is line with a serous membrane called

A

Pleura

72
Q

Each pleural cavity is line with a serous membrane called

A

Pleura

ANAPHY | RESPIRATORY (2 decks)

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