Respiratory System - Symptoms and Signs Flashcards
What is commonly noted with smokers?
Morning cough with little sputum production
What is a cardinal feature of chronic bronchitis?
Productive cough
What is a key feature of asthma?
Dry, nocturnal cough - often noted with mild exertion/forced expiration
What is a worsening cough indicative of?
Lung cancer
Name the specific type of cough that may occur from a patient with a pancost lung carcinoma?
Bovine cough - normal explosive nature of cough is lost due to infiltration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Define normal sputum production?
100ml/day
What is a key feature of bronchiectasis?
Large quantities of green/yellow sputum
Name two of the commonest causes of mild haemoptysis?
Exacerbation of COPD
Acute infection
Name four other causes of haemoptysis?
Pulmonary infarct
Pulmonary embolism
Lung carcinoma
TB
Which condition produces rusty coloured sputum?
Lobar pneumonia
Which condition produces pink and frothy sputum?
Pulmonary oedema
Which condition may produce a mixture of bloody and purulent sputum?
Bronchiectasis (large quantities) - green/yellow/reddy
Define massive haemoptysis and name the two commonest causes for this?
> 200ml/24hours
Bronchiectasis
TB
What is Goodpasture’s syndrome?
Autoimmune disease affecting the basement membranes of the lungs and kidneys
Patients present with haemoptysis and kidney failure
Name two specific respiratory symptoms indicative of heart failure?
Orthopnoea - breathlessness lying down
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea - acute episodes of SOB at night
Name three common causes for a wheeze?
End stage asthma
COPD
Bronchiolitis
Where is irritation of diaphragmatic pleura referred to?
Shoulder tip pain
Name four respiratory causes of finger clubbing?
Bronchial carcinoma
Suppurative lung diseases (CF/bronchiectasis/empyema)
Pulmonary fibrosis
Plural and mediastinal tumours (mesothiliomas)
Name two CVD causes of finger clubbing?
Atrial myxoma
Subacute infective endocarditis
Name two GI causes of finger clubbing?
IBD
Cirrhosis
In which conditions may the patient present with bronchial breathing?
Collapsed lung
Consolidated lung
When might an end-inspiratory wheeze be heard?
Obliterative brochiolitis (squeek)
What are early inspiratory crackles indicative of?
Diffuse airflow limitation
What are late inspiratory crackles indicative of?
Pulmonary oedema
Lung fibrosis
Bronchiectasis