Respiratory System Structure and Function

Question 1

What are the functions of the nasal cavity?

Answer 1

Filter particles, smell, warm and humidify air.

Question 2

What vessels surround the alveoli?

Answer 2

Capillaries and lymph vessels.

Question 3

Is cartilage in the airways present on the anterior or posterior surface or both?

Answer 3

Anterior

Question 4

What is the muco-ciliary escalator?

Answer 4

Cilia continuously beat in the same direction to move mucus containing foreign material up and out.

Question 5

Which structures on the airways contain cilia?

Answer 5

Bronchi and bronchioles.

Question 6

Moving down from the trachea to he bronchiole, what is cartilage replaced by?

Answer 6

Smooth muscle.

Question 7

What is the relationship between height and surface area of lungs?

Answer 7

Proportional

Question 8

What are the two types of cells in the alveoli?

Answer 8

Type I cell and type II cell

Question 9

What is the type I cell in the lungs?

Answer 9

Thin alveolar cells.

Question 10

What is the type II cell in the lungs?

Answer 10

Produced surfactant

Question 11

What cells of the airways produce mucous?

Answer 11

Seromucus glands and goblet cells.

Question 12

What are the two mechanisms for clearance of foreign particles from the lungs?

Answer 12

Mucociliary escalator and alveolar macrophages.

Question 13

Are smaller (

Answer 13

Smaller

Question 14

What is the effect of smoking on the lungs?

Answer 14

Destroys cilia, damages alveolar walls, causing collapse and cancer

Question 15

What are bullae?

Answer 15

Large alveoli caused by collapse of several alveoli.

Question 16

What is the effect of replacement of alveoli with bullae?

Answer 16

Hypoxia (diffusion distance is too great- decreased gas exchange) and gas trapping.

Question 17

What is gas trapping, which is caused by bullae?

Answer 17

Small bronchioles collapse early during exhalation- lungs get bitter in volume but take in smaller amounts of air.

Question 18

What does spirometry measure?

Answer 18

Amount of air breathed in or out.

Question 19

Can tidal volume increase during exercise?

Answer 19

Yes

Question 20

Can the vital capacity increase during exercise?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Can you measure the total lung capacity and the residual volume with spirometry?

Answer 21

No