Respiratory System Review Flashcards
Purpose of ventilation
Helps with the movement of air into and out of the lungs from muscular contractions of the rib cage and diaphragm.
Compare gas exchange in the lungs and muscle tissue
Gas exchange in the lungs: o2 diffuses alveoli to the blood.
Gas exchange in muscle tissue: o2 diffuses in the blood to cells/ tissues and then diffuses to the blood.
Describe the relationship between ventilation and cellular respiration
Their related because ventilation provides the oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes the carbon dioxide produced.
Define Type 1 pneumocytes
They line epithelia cells and help with the diffusion of gases.
Define Type 2 pneumocytes
They secrete a cell solution containing a surfactant in order to reduce surface tension to prevent walls from collapsing.
Rib cage–> inhaltion
External intercostals–> muscles contract
Internal intercostals–> muscles relax
Ribs–> sternum moves up (forward)
Rib cage–> Exhalation
External intercostals–> muscles relax
Internal intercostals–> muscles contract
Ribs–> Sternum moves down (inward)
Diaphragm (inhalation and exhalation)
Inhalation–> Contracts
Exhalation–> Relaxes
Abdominal muscles (inhalation and exhalation)
Inhalation–>Relax
Exhalation–> Contract
Pressure in thoracic cavity (inhalation and exhalation)
Inhalation–> decrease
Exhalation–> increase
Lung volume (inhalation and exhalation)
Inhalation–> Volume increases
Exhalation–> Volume decreases
Purpose of Nostrils
Filter, moisturize, and help with warm air inhaled.
Pharynx
Junction of the trachea and esophagus.
Larynx
Vocal cords(which are made with cartilage) and helps to tip the epiglottis when swallowing.
Trachea
Tube with cartilage rings (keeps the trachea open).
Bronchi
2 cartilaginous rings (one for each month)
Bronchioles
Smaller/ finer branches(contain smooth muscle fibers) of the bronchi inside.
Alveoli
Dead end, air chamber for gas exchange.
Lungs
Main respiratory organ.
Where are diseases such as emphysema found?
They are located in the alveoli and cause the alveoli to shrink up + die.
