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Biology Unit 11 > Respiratory system random > Flashcards

Respiratory system random Flashcards

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1
Q

Three things that make the lungs very efficient a gas exchange

A

Huge surface area

Only two cell layers separate air in the lungs from the blood

Moist

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2
Q

The respiratory system supplies the body with __________for its energy production

A

Oxygen

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3
Q

What system works closely with the respiratory system?

A

Circulatory system

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4
Q

What are the four processes that make up the respiratory system?

A

Breathing

External respiration

Internal respiration

Cellular respiration

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5
Q

Breathing-

A

Inspiration- bringing oxygen into the lungs

Expiration- expelling carbon dioxide

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6
Q

External respiration-

A

Exchange of gases between blood and the lungs

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7
Q

Internal respiration-

A

Exchange of gases between blood and the body tissues

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8
Q

Cellular respiration-

A

Production of ATP energy within the cells

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9
Q

Pleural membranes have two sets of membranes…

Where are each of them?

A
  • one is joined to the lung

- One is joined to the ribs and diaphragm

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10
Q

Pleural membranes are close together and separated by a slight amount of….

A

Fluid (vacuum is created)

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11
Q

If the membranes are punctured, air enters the inter-plural space, destroying the vacuum… What happens?

A

The lung collapses

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12
Q

Pleural membranes maintain and intrapleural pressure that is less than atmospheric pressure. This…

A

Keeps the lungs open

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13
Q

The chest cavity is what shape?

A

Dome shaped

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14
Q

The top and sides of the chest cavity are surrounded by ribs, the bottom is made up by the diaphragm… it is a ______ System

A

Closed

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15
Q

Inhalation:

  1. What are the primary stimuli that cause us to breathe?
A

CO2 concentration and H+ concentration

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16
Q

Inhalation:

  1. When carbon dioxide and or the hydrogen ion concentration gets too high the breathing centre in the _______________ is stimulated
A

Medulla oblongata

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17
Q

Inhalation:

  1. A nerve impulse is sent from the medulla oblongata to The…
A

Diaphragm and rib cage

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18
Q

Inhalation:

  1. The diaphragm contracts and __________; The rib muscles contract (intercostal muscles) and raise the ribs. These actions…
A

Lowers. Increase the size of the chest cavity. increased volume

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19
Q

Inhalation:

  1. A partial vacuum is created in the lungs.
A

Air pressure in the lungs is reduced

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20
Q

Inhalation:

  1. Air rushes into the lungs from the outside in order to__________________. This is the process of….
A

Rebalance the pressure, inspiration

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21
Q

Air comes in because the lungs have already opened the air does not force the lungs open this is why it is said that we breathe by _________________

A

Negative Pressure

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22
Q

What does it mean that we breathe by negative pressure?

A

Low pressure sucks the air into our lungs

23
Q

The lungs themselves have no_________

A

Muscles

24
Q

Exhalation:

  1. When the lungs are full, stretch receptors…….
A

In the alveoli are simulated

25
Q

Acceleration:

  1. The ______________ is notified and stops sending messages
A

Doula oblongata

26
Q

Exhalation:

  1. The diaphragm and rib muscles…
A

Relax

27
Q

Exhalation:

  1. The chest cavity gets smaller decreasing volume which increases the pressure in the lungs
A

Air is forced out

28
Q

What are the receptors other than the respiratory centre in the Medela oblongata that can respond to stimuli

A

The Carotid bodies and the Aortic bodies.

29
Q

Where are the Carotid bodies found?

A

In the carotid artery

30
Q

Where are the aortic bodies found?

A

In the aorta

31
Q

What is the job of the Carotid and aortic bodies?

A

They respond to high concentration of hydrogen ions but can also respond to levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

32
Q

Gas exchange:

When carbon dioxide diffuses from the cells in the blood, what percent reaching the blood is held in simple solution (as dissolved carbon dioxide)

A

9%

33
Q

Gas exchange:

Another ________ attaches directly to the haemoglobin to form carbonamino-hemoglobin

A

27%

34
Q

Gas exchange:

The remaining 64% combines with water to form ______________ And hydrogen ions

A

Bicarbonate ions

35
Q

Gas exchange:

Each time blood Passes through the tissues, it picks up large quantities of what?

A

Carbon dioxide

36
Q

Gas exchange:

After blood passes through the tissues and picks up large quantities of carbon dioxide it then reacts with water to form….

A

Bicarbonate and hydrogen ions

37
Q

Gas exchange:

There are many substances in the blood capable of finding the excess free ___________

A

Hydrogen ions

38
Q

Gas exchange:

What is one of the most important substances in the blood capable of binding the excess free hydrogen ions?

A

Hemoglobin

39
Q

Gas exchange:

When hydrogen combines with the hemoglobin…

A

the hemoglobin releases some of the oxygen attached to it

40
Q

what is the gas exchange in tissues?

A

Internal respiration

41
Q

Gas exchange in tissues:

  1. What diffuses into the blood from the cell?
A

CO2 (Carbon dioxide)

42
Q

Gas exchange in tissues:

  1. CO2 then joins with water to make bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. What is the enzyme that runs this reaction?
A

Carbonic anahydrase

43
Q

Gas exchange in tissues:

  1. Most of the released hydrogen is picked up by the combined form of …
A

Oxygen and haemoglobin(Oxyhemoglobin)

44
Q

Gas exchange in tissues:

The binding of hydrogen and oxyhemoglobin produces reduced hemoglobin which aids in….

A

The release of oxygen

45
Q

Gas exchange in tissues:

The hydrogen concentration and the slight increase in temperature altered the haemoglobin (protein denatures slightly) and releases…

A

Oxygen easily

46
Q

Gas exchange in tissues:

  1. Oxygen then enters the tissues moving from an area of…
A

High concentration to an area of low concentration

47
Q

Gas exchange in tissues:
The blood leaving the tissues now contains large quantities of haemoglobin which is free of oxygen and is called ______________. The blood also contains large amounts of _______________. No further changes occur until the blood has reached the………

A

Reduced haemoglobin (HHb), bicarbonate ions, lungs

48
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs:

  1. High concentration of oxygen in the ________. Oxygen diffuses into blood
A

Lungs

49
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs:

  1. What is formed when oxygen joins with reduced hemoglobin?
A

Oxyhemoglobin and hydrogen ions

50
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs:

  1. Hydrogen is picked up by bicarbonate to produce…
A

CO2 + H2O

51
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs:

  1. What diffuses into the lung alveoli where it is expelled by normal breathing?
A

CO2.

Note hydrogen does not accumulate because as soon as it is released from Reduced hemoglobin it combines with bicarbonate ions to release carbon dioxide

52
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs:

Haemoglobin is essential in the blood because…

A

It serves as a carrier for oxygen carbon dioxide and hydrogen ions(acts as a buffer)

53
Q

Gas exchange in the lungs:

Temperature is ________ Which allows haemoglobin to grab oxygen easier

A

Cooler

Biology Unit 11 (4 decks)

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