Respiratory System - Dry Room St. 1 and 2

Question 1

Thoracic wall dimensions?

Answer 1

• Sternum anteriorly
• Vertebrae T1-T12 posteriorly
• Ribs 1 - 12 laterally

Question 2

What bone articulates the manubrium at its superolateral angles?

Answer 2

• Clavicle

Question 3

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Answer 3

Saddle

Question 4

What is the name of the notch formed by the superior border of the sternum?

Answer 4

• Jugular notch

Question 5

Vertebral level of Xiphoid process?

Answer 5

T9 - T10

Question 6

Vertebral level of sternomanubrial joint?

Answer 6

T4 - T5

Question 7

What components of the sternum does the facets of the 2nd costal cartilage articulate with?

Answer 7

• Sternomanubrial joint in costal notch 2

Question 8

Label the diagram

Answer 8

Going top to bottom

• Jugular notch
• Sternoclavicular notches
• Manubrium
• Sternomanubrial joint
• Body of sternum
• Xiphoid process

Question 9

Identify the labelled parts

Answer 9

Question 10

Which thoracic vertebral structure does the tubercle of the rib articulate?

Answer 10

• Costotransverse joint (articular facet)

Question 11

Which structures lie in the costal groove?

Answer 11

• Intercostal vessels (vein superior to artery)
• Intercostal nerve (artery superior to nerve)

Question 12

Which ribs are true ribs?

Answer 12

1 - 7

Question 13

Which ribs are false ribs?

Answer 13

8 - 10

Question 14

Which ribs are floating ribs?

Answer 14

11 and 12

Question 15

What is special about the 1st rib?

Answer 15

• Short and wide
• Articulates with only 1 vertebra
• Has scalene tubercle
• Contains groove for subclavian vein and artery

Question 16

Identify labels

Answer 16

1. Head
2. Neck
3. Tubercle
4. Subclavian artery groove
5. Scalenus
6. Subclavian vein groove

Question 17

What shape and size is the body of a typical thoracic vertebra?

Answer 17

• Round
• Intermediately sized

Question 18

What part of the rib articulates with the demi facets on the vertebral body?

Answer 18

• Head
• Neck

Question 19

What structures pass through the vertebral foramen?

Answer 19

• Spinal cord
• All meninges

Question 20

What neural structure occupies the intervertebral notch?

Answer 20

• Spinal efferent nerves

Question 21

What part of the rib articulates with the articular facet on the tip of the transverse process?

Answer 21

• Tubercle

Question 22

Describe the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 22

• Long
• Slender
• Sloped downwards
• Non bifid

Question 23

Which two parts of the vertebra form the neural arch?

Answer 23

• Pedicle
• Lamina

Question 24

What can a rib fracture commonly lead to?

Answer 24

Pneumothorax

Question 25

What is the thorax bound by superiorly and inferiorly?

Answer 25

Superior = thoracic inlet Inferior = thoracic outlet

Question 26

Which bones form the bondaries of the thoracic inlet?

Answer 26

- T1 posteriorly - Ribs 1 laterally - Manubrium - 1st Costal cartilages

Question 27

Which bones and costal cartilages form the boundary of the thoracic outlet?

Answer 27

- Xiphoid process - Rib 11 and 12 - Costal cartilage 7-10 - T11 and 12

Question 28

Which ribs/costal cartilages form the costal margin (subcostal angle)?

Answer 28

- Sternum - Xiphoid - Ribs 6 - 8

Question 29

Which costal cartilages are directly attached to the sternum?

Answer 29

1 - 7

Question 30

Which costal cartilages are indirectly attached to the sternum through attachment to previous costal cartilages?

Answer 30

8 - 10

Question 31

What do clinicians call the thoracic inlet?

Answer 31

- Thoracic outlet

Question 32

What is thoracic outlet syndrome?

Answer 32

- When the brachial plexus/subclavian artery and vein become compressed by pancoast tumours

Question 33

Which muscle is primarily used for breathing in infants?

Answer 33

- Diaphragm