Respiratory System Ch. 23 Flashcards
Functions of the respiratory system include:
Gas Exchange
Speech
Olfaction (smell)
Control of pH in body
Aids in regulation of blood pressure (angiotensin II production)
Creates pressure gradients for flow of lymph and venous blood
Defecation
Divisions of respiratory system
Conducting and Respiratory divisions
Conducting division includes
passages for air flow (without exchange of gases)
Respiratory division includes
gas exchange areas
Upper Respiratory Tract includes
nose through the larynx
Lower Respiratory Tract includes
trachea through lungs
What are sinuses?
Air-filled spaces in the maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones of the skull.
Mucous membrane lining is continuous with the lining of the nasal cavity.
The sinuses reduce the weight of …?
The skull and serve as voice resonant chambers
What does the nose do?
Warms, humidifies, and cleanses air; detects odors; resonates voice
The nose is externally shaped by what?
nasal bones and alar and lateral cartilages
The vestibule…
chamber just inside of the nostril
Nasal Septum
septal cartilage, vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
Pharynx has how many divisions?
3, pharynx is the throat
Where is the Nasopharynx?
Posterior to choanae and soft palate
Where is the pharyngeal tonsil?
Nasopharynx
What are the three divisions of the throat?
Nasopharynx, Oropharynx, Laryngopharynx
Where is the Oropharynx?
Posterior to the root of the tongue
Where is the Laryngopharynx?
From the tip of the epiglottis to the esophagus
Which division(s) of the throat have stratified squamous epithelium?
Oropharynx and Laryngopharynx
Other name for the larynx
voice box
What is the main function of the larynx?
Keeps food out of the airway with the epiglottis
Houses vocal cords and vestibular folds
The trachea is…
windpipe; the tube lysing anterior to the esophagus
What is on the outside of the trachea?
C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
The trachealis is…
smooth muscle on the posterior aspect of the trachea
The carina is…
the internal median ridge on the lowest tracheal cartilage
What does the trachea branch into?
Two main bronchi
What is the inner lining of the tracheal wall made up of?
Pseudostratified epithelium, Goblet cells (mucus), ciliated cells, basal stem cells, mucocilary escalator
Adventitia is…
Outermost connective tissue connecting trachea to neighboring organs
Main (primary) bronchi
Right main bronchus is wider and more vertical than the left
Secondary (lobar) bronchi
Five total - one for each lobe
Segmental (tertiary) bronchi
serves bronchopulmonary segments (10 in right lung, 8 in left)
