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MEDSCI 205 > Respiratory System and Gaseous Exchange > Flashcards

Respiratory System and Gaseous Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

What does PaO2 mean?

A

Partial pressure of arterial oxygen

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2
Q

What does PA O2 mean?

A

Partial pressure of alveolar oxygen

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3
Q

What is Tidal volume?

A

The volume of a normal breath at rest (V(T) = ~0.5L)

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4
Q

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

A

The additional volume that can be inspired at the end of a normal tidal inspiration (~2-3.5L)

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5
Q

What is the Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

A

The additional volume that can be expired at the end of a normal tidal expiration (~1.5L)

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6
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

A

The sum of the two reserve volumes and the tidal volume i.e. Vc = Vt + IRV + ERV = 5.5L

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7
Q

What is Residual Volume?

A

The volume of air left in the lungs at after maximal expiration (V(R) = 1.5L)

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8
Q

What is Functional Residual Capacity?

A

The volume of air left in the lungs after a normal expiration FRC = ERV + V(R)

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9
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity?

A

The maximum volume of air that can be contained in the lungs i.e. TLC = FRC + IRV + V(T)

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10
Q

What is anatomical dead space?

A

The total volume of the airways that do not participate in gaseous exchange because of the absence of gas exchange structures. (V(D) = ~0.15L or 150mL) e.g. large conducting airways with thick mucous membrane.

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11
Q

What is physiological dead space?

A

The total volume of the airways that do not participate in gas exchange for anatomical and functional reasons (e.g. alveolar volume that is ventilated but not perfused).

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12
Q

What are the TWO important pressures that determine lung volume?

A

Alveolar pressure and Intrapleural pressure

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13
Q

What happens to maximal inspiratory pressure as lung volume increase?

A

Maximal inspiratory pressure decreases (muscles are mechanically disadvantaged).

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14
Q

What is ventilation?

A

The movement of gas into and out of the lung.

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15
Q

What is minute ventilation?

A

The volume of air shifted into and out of the lungs (and airways) per minute, including deadspace air. V(E) = f x V(T)

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16
Q

What is alveolar ventilation?

A

The volume of air shifted into and out of the alveoli per minute. V(A) = f x V(T) - V(D)

17
Q

The Young-LaPlace relationship (equation) between transmural pressure (P), surface tension (T), and the radius (r) is:

A

P=2T/r

18
Q

Pulmonary surfactant (a lipoprotein) has THREE important functions in the lungs, which are?

A
  1. Reduces the surface tension of alveolar fluid
  2. Increases the compliance of the lungs
  3. Promotes alveolar stability
19
Q

What is flow?

A

The volume of air moved per unit time

MEDSCI 205 (2 decks)

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