Respiratory System Anatomy

Question 1

Name 3 functions of the respiratory system

Answer 1

breathing (pulmonary ventilation)
Inhalation (inspiration)
Exhalation (expiration)

Question 2

what are the three main tubes that run through the diaphragm

Answer 2

Vena cava
Aorta
Esophagus

Question 3

what are % of fibre types in the diaphragm

Answer 3

55% type 1

45% type 2a/2X

Question 4

what is the diaphragm stimulated by

Answer 4

left and right phrenic nerves

Question 5

how many intercostal muscles are there in the human body

Answer 5

22

11 on each side

Question 6

what are the two types of intercostal muscles

Answer 6

internal

external

Question 7

what type of process is inhalation

Answer 7

active

Question 8

what percentage of the inhalation process is the diaphragm responsible for

Answer 8

75%

Question 9

what percentage of the inhalation process is the external intercostal muscle responsible for

Answer 9

25%

Question 10

is air from outside of the lungs more pressurised than the air inside the lungs

Answer 10

No, there is more pressure outside of the lung on air

Question 11

what type of process is exhalation

Answer 11

usually passive

Question 12

when is exhalation active

Answer 12

when there is a contraction in the intercostal, transverse and abdominal muscles

Question 13

where is the conducting zone

Answer 13

pharynx and larynx

Question 14

what is the order of section sin the pharynx

Answer 14

1. Nasopharnyx
2. Oropharynx
3. Laryngopharynx

Question 15

what does the larynx do

Answer 15

conducts air into lower respiratory tract and produces sound

Question 16

how long is the trachea

Answer 16

4-6 inches

Question 17

why is the trachea made of 16-20 C-shaped rings

Answer 17

it connects to the esophagus

Question 18

what do the C-shaped rings help the trachea to do

Answer 18

allows trachea to expand and lengthen

Question 19

where is the apex of the lugs

Answer 19

top of the lungs

Question 20

what are the main components of the left lung

Answer 20

left superior lobe
left inferior lobe
cardiac notch

Question 21

what are the main components of the right lung

Answer 21

right superior lobe
right inferior lobe
right middle lobe

Question 22

how many sections to the airway in the lung are there

Answer 22

9

Question 23

how many alveoli are in an 8 year old

Answer 23

300 million

Question 24

what different alveolar types are there

Answer 24

Type 1 alveolar cell

Type 2 alveolar cell

Question 25

what percentages of the alveolar surfaces are the different alveolar cells

Answer 25

type 1 alveolar cell = 95%

type 2 alveolar cell = 5%

Question 26

what is the function of alveoli

Answer 26

secrete pulmonary surfactent

alveolar macrophage

Question 27

what is the order of respiratory membrane

Answer 27

1. alveolar wall
2. epithelial basement membrane
3. capillary basement membrance
4. endothelial cells of capillary wall

Question 28

why is the respiratory membrane an efficient gas exchange site?

Answer 28

• very thin
• 0.5um
• permeable to oxygen
• permeable to carbon dioxide
• O2 and CO2 can diffuse across it
• extensive blood supply