Respiratory system A+P

Question 1

Name the airway structures of the upper airway

Answer 1

Nasopharynx
Pharynx
Oropharynx
Mouth
Epiglottis
Larynx

Question 2

What is the role of the Turbinates in the upper airway

Answer 2

Warm, filter and humidify

Question 3

What are sinuses responsible for

Answer 3

preventing contaminants from entering the respiratory tract

Question 4

What is the hyoid bone attached to?

Answer 4

Mandible, toungue, epiglottis and thyroid cartilage

Question 5

Name the 4 paranasal sinuses

Answer 5

Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid

Question 6

Why is the larynx significant

Answer 6

Upper airway ends, the lower airway begins

Question 7

What is the glottis

Answer 7

It is the narrowest portion of the adult airway called the glottic opening

Question 8

What is

the “pocket” between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis

Answer 8

Vallecula

Question 9

What are

Arytenoid Cartilages

Answer 9

Small bumps inferior to the epiglottis

Question 10

What is Laryngospasm

Answer 10

Spasm of the vocal cords

Question 11

Fill in the blank

The trachea divides into the Right and Left main stem _____ which is level with the _____

Answer 11

Bronchi, carnia

Question 12

Define the location and purpose of Cilia

Answer 12

Hair-like structures in the trachea and main stem bronchi that move back and forth to sweep material from the airway

Question 13

What is the Hilium

Answer 13

Where the bronchi and blood vessels enter to connect to their supporting structures

Question 14

What is the visceral pleura

Answer 14

Thin outer membrane that encapsulates the lungs

Question 15

How many lobes do the right and left lung have?

Answer 15

right= 3 left=2

Question 16

define the parietal pleura

Answer 16

thin membrane that lines the inside of the thoracic cavity

Question 17

What are the subdivisions of the lower airway

Answer 17

Trachea
Bronchus
Bronchioles
Alveolar Ducts
Alveolar Sacs

Question 18

What is surfactant

Answer 18

A phospholipid compound found in the alveoli sacs

Question 19

What is atelectasis

Answer 19

this is when alveoli collapse due to decreased surfactant and alveoli can not stay open

Question 20

What are goblet cells

Answer 20

Mucous producing cells found in the trachea and bronchi, they secrete a sticky substance that traps contaminants in the lower airway

Question 21

What are the functions of the respiratory system

Answer 21

1. provide surface area for gas exchange
2. Move air along respiratory tract to lungs for gas exchange
3. protective function- breathing in pathogens, defence and dehydration
4. Used in communication
5. Assists in sense of smell

Question 22

What is the difference between hard palate and soft palate

Answer 22

Hard- floor of nasal cavity between nose and mouth, palatine and maxillary bones
Soft- behind hard palate, roof of the mouth,

Question 23

what is the nasal conchae

Answer 23

help forms the structure to catch particles, warming and humidifying

Question 24

Describe the structure and function of the Larynx

Answer 24

Structure- cartilaginious
function- Air enters through the narrow glottic opening( where IGEL sits), produces sound, voluntary, vibrates, length and diameter of chords depends on the noise you make

Question 25

what is the epiglottis

Answer 25

It is a productive structure that prevents food and liquid entering the respiratory tract (sits above larynx) and is a shoe horse shape

Question 26

What is the trachea

Answer 26

-Part of the lower respiratory tract
- Flexible and strong tube (windpipe) moves air in and out of the lungs
- Is 4-5 inches long and 1 inch in diameter
-runs down the centre of the chest behind the sternum and in front of the oesophagus
- surrounded by 16 to 22 U shaped cartilage
- Warms and moisturises arm before entering the lungs
-Traps particles in the trachea walls

Question 27

Describe the function and structure of the lungs?

Answer 27

• the lungs have 3 right lobes and 2 left lobes
• Has concave bases sit on superior diaphragm- dome shape
• Left and right lung suspended by the lung root and separated by a mediastinum
• Three surfaces: mediastinal; diaphragmatic and costal surface.
  -protected by pleura that provides cushion and a small amount of fluid to help smoothness
• guarded by the rib cage, located above diaphragm

Question 28

Describe the Bronchi

Answer 28

-primary: biggest and branches off from bronchial tree becomes the secondary then teritary
- cartilage gets smaller as you go down the bronchi tree, when you get to bronchiles there is no cartilage just smooth muscle
- beta 2 receptors in the bronchioles
-Parasymphatetic: Bronchi constriction, contracts smooth muscles e.g. asthma attack
-Sympathetic- bronchi dilation

Question 29

what are alveolar ducts

Answer 29

• contain smooth muscle that can constrict or dilate in response to nervous stimulation
• lined with simple cuboidal epithelium
• each alveolar duct open into a cluster of alveoli (tiny air sacs of the lungs which allow for rapid gaseous exchange)

Question 30

define tidal volume

Answer 30

Amount of air we breathe in and out

Question 31

Define air space

Answer 31

Volume of air that is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, left in trachea

Question 32

define expiratory reserve volume

Answer 32

Additional amount of air that can be exhaled forcefully after a normal exhalation

Question 33

Define inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 33

Maximal amount of additional air that can be drawn into the lungs by determined effort after normal inspiration

Question 34

Define vital capacity

Answer 34

Greatest volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after taking the deepest breath

Question 35

Define functional residual capacity

Answer 35

remaining amount of air present in the lungs at the end of passive exhalation

Question 36

Define residual volume

Answer 36

Volume of air that remains in the lungs after the most forcible expiration possible