Respiratory System

Question 1

What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Ventilation of lungs to supply blood with oxygen to be delivered to all parts of the body and exhalation of the lungs to remove carbon dioxide that cells produce

Question 2

What is the process of air when it enters the respiratory system?

Answer 2

It flows from the mouth or nasal cavity, travels through the pharynx and down into the trachea

Question 3

What does air do once it enters the trachea?

Answer 3

It moves to bronchi tubes and enters the lungs, before entering bronchioles where carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli and is exhaled

Question 4

What does oxygen do once in your lungs?

Answer 4

It travels from your lungs through the bloodstream to cells in all parts of your body

Question 5

What do cells do with oxygen and carbon dioxide?

Answer 5

Cels use oxygen as fuel and give off carbon dioxide as waste gas, which is carried by blood back to the lungs to be exhaled

Question 6

What is the main role of the nasal cavity?

Answer 6

To warm incoming air close to the temperature of the body

Question 7

What is the main role of the larynx?

Answer 7

Houses the vocal cords and generates sound, pitch and manipulates volume

Question 8

What is the main role of the trachea?

Answer 8

Also known as the wind pipe, a tube that directs air further down in the direction of the lungs

Question 9

What are bronchi?

Answer 9

The 2 tubes that branch out towards the lung tissue

Question 10

What are bronchioles?

Answer 10

Further branches of the bronchi, which separate and divide until they arrive at small sacs, known as alveoli

Question 11

What are alveoli?

Answer 11

Air sacs that look like millions of bubbles that are closely joined together

Question 12

What is the major purpose of the alveoli?

Answer 12

To increase the total surface area available for the air to expose itself to the millions of capillaries that surround the sacs

Question 13

Where does the transfer of gases occur?

Answer 13

In the alveoli

Question 14

Describe the full process of the respiratory system?

Answer 14

Oxygen is inhaled through the nasal cavity, passes through the larynx into the trachea and is filtered by cilia, arrives and enters the bronchi into the bronchioles, then enters the alveoli were transfer of gases and exhalation occurs

Question 15

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 15

A flat, dome shaped muscles that lies at the bottom of the chest cavity and functions in breathing

Question 16

What is inspiration?

Answer 16

The drawing of air into the lungs, where the diaphragm pulls down increasing the space in the chest cavity

Question 17

What do the intercostal muscles do during inspiration?

Answer 17

Pull together and draw the rib cage up and outwards

Question 18

What happens during expiration?

Answer 18

The muscles relax as gravity and pressure forces the air out of the lungs

Question 19

Describe what occurs when you breathe in?

Answer 19

Air flows in, ribs move up and out, lungs expand, intercostals contract, diaphragm contracts and flattens

Question 20

Describe what occurs when you breathe out?

Answer 20

Air is forced out, ribs move down and in, lungs return to normal, intercostals relax, diaphragm relaxes and is dome shaped

Question 21

What is total lung capacity?

Answer 21

The volume of air in the lungs at maximal inflation, measured in litres

Question 22

What is ventilation?

Answer 22

The amount of air we breathe per minute, measured in Litres

Question 23

What is tidal volume?

Answer 23

The amount of air that is inspired or expired per breath, normally around 500mL

Question 24

What is respiration rate?

Answer 24

The amount of breaths in or out per minute, on average 12 breaths

Question 25

How is ventilation calculated?

Answer 25

Tidal volume multiplied by Respiration rate

Question 26

What is residual volume?

Answer 26

The amount of air left in the lungs after a maximal exhalation, which can never be expired