Respiratory System Flashcards
Whats Air Made up of
Oxygen (21%)
Nitrogen (79%)
CarbonDioxide(0.04%)
haemoglobin has higher affinity to which gas
Oxygen
How many molecules of oxygen does the haemoglobin transport
4 molecules of oxygen
what does the Daltons Law of partial pressure states
the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures that each gas would exert if it alone occupied the entire volume
what are the three important functions of the lungs
1) ventilation - oxygen is inhaled and CO2 is exhaled
2) Diffusion - once oxygen is inhaled it needs to be transported to the capillaries through diffusion
3) Perfusion - capillaries pass oxygen onto different parts of the body
At higher altitude the pressure and oxygen concentration decreases, what actions does the body take
1) breathing becomes faster - the lungs try to keep up with lesser oxygen
2) Heart starts beating faster - It pumps faster to increase the quantity of oxygenated blood to the body
3) You sleep less - breathing becomes shallow and your brain wakes you up to remind you to breath
4) blood becomes thicker due to more RBCs carrying oxygen in your blood (polycythaemia)
Whats the difference between breathing an respiration
1) Breathing - physical process - inhaling and exhaling
2) Respiration - A chemical process where oxygen is used to breakdown glucose in order to generate energy which is then used by the cells to function
Explain the journey of Oxygen
1) External Respiration (lungs) connected to the external environment
2) Internal Respiration (capillaries) receives oxygen through RBCs
3) Cellular respiration (cell) oxygen is taken to cells e.g. muscles, uses it to produce CO2 which is then passed on to capillaries and out
State the role of pleural membrane
outer covering of the lungs and protects the lungs from rupturing and maintains high pressure
Whys diaphragm important in respiration
Moves downward when inhaling giving the lungs more space to expand
Pleura consists of how many layers , state their names and its function
The Pleura is made up of 2 layers:
1) the visceral pleura (inner layer) which is a thin and slippery membrane that covers the surface of the lungs and dips into areas separating the different lobes of the lungs called hilum
2) the parietal pleura (outer layer) lines the inner chest wall and diaphragm
Whats the space between the two layers of pleura called
Pleura cavity - contains fluid called pleural fluid which lubricates the pleural cavity allowing the two layers to slide over each other easily avoiding friction
State the function of the bronchi and what its made up of
1) Made up of cartilage - provides stability and prevents collapse
2) Function as pathways for air - mouth - trachea - alveoli - back to outer environment
on Weibels model, generation 0 to 16 is known as the conducting zone state its features
Conducting zone - receives oxygen and the walls are thick.
Its also known as anatomical /structural dead space because no gas exchange occurs here
Plus this zone has small surface area +high velocity and the flow is by pressure (bulk flow)
The respiratory system is divided into two divisions - name them and their components
Anatomical - Consists of upper and lower respiratory system:
1) Upper respiratory system - nose and pharynx
2) Lower respiratory system - larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
Functional - Consists of conducting and respiratory zone:
1) Conducting zone - consists of all airways that carry air into lungs which are nose, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and terminal bronchioles
2) Respiratory zone - sites within lungs where gas exchange occurs - includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli
