Respiratory system

Question 1

oxygen is required for cellular respiration

identify one other chemical that is required for cellular respiration?

Answer 1

Glucose

ATP

Question 2

Name a respiratory malfunction?

Answer 2

Asthma

Cystic fibrosis

Question 3

identify two products of cellular respiration?

Answer 3

water 
carbon dioxide 
ATP
lactic acid 
energy

Question 4

explain how breathing takes place?

Answer 4

nervous messages sent to diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

pleural membranes are attached to
lungs, inside of ribcage and
diaphragm therefore movement of
the lungs is brought about.
 air is brought into the lungs because
of resultant pressure and volume changes.
Breathing out
 nervous impulse stop and
diaphragm and intercostal muscles
relax
 rib cage swings down and in due to
gravity
 diaphragm returns to its domeshaped position
 pressure /volume changes push air
out of the lungs
 the diaphragm can put additional
pressure on the lungs to increase
emptying of the lungs

Question 5

what are intercostal muscles?

Answer 5

intercostal muscles are located between the ribs and the muscles contract raising the ribcage upwards and outwards

Question 6

what are diaphragm muscles?

Answer 6

diaphragm muscles contract moving in a downward direction

Question 7

describe what is happening in the bronchi and bronchioles during an asthma attack?

Answer 7

Muscles in tubes constricting
Lumen of tubes narrowing
Less air flow
Inflammation of tubes
Mucus produced
Restricts air flow

Question 8

what monitoring and treatments are available for asthma?

Answer 8

 Use of a reliever inhaler
 Flu jab annually 
 Exercise regularly as recommended 
 Attend check
-ups regularly

Question 9

explain how cystic fibrosis affects respiratory health?

Answer 9

Thick, sticky mucus produced by lungs as
a result of a defective gene – restricts
airflow
Results in inflammation which further
narrows the airways
Persistent coughing
Breathlessness
Repeated lung infections as bacteria
multiply in trapped air and mucus that
make symptoms above worse

Question 10

which part of the respiratory system prevents food entering the lungs?

Answer 10

epiglottis

Question 11

which part of the respiratory system produces sound and speech?

Answer 11

larynx

Question 12

what treatments are available for cystic fibrosis?

Answer 12

Diet – well balanced; – to promote
maintenance of healthy weight.

Steroid treatments to reduce
symptoms

Physiotherapy

Question 13

how can you reduce the risks of an asthma attack?

Answer 13

avoid cigarette smoke- don’t smoke or socialise with smokers

pet hairs- avoid pets or have varieties that don’t shed hairs

pollen- keep windows closed or stay indoors during peak pollen seasons

Question 14

what are the parts of the respiratory system?

Answer 14

Larynx
Trachea 
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Diaphragm
Intercostal muscles 
Pleural membranes

Question 15

what is the larynx?

Answer 15

voice box.

protects the trachea during swallowing. epiglottis stops food going where air is supposed to go

Question 16

what is the trachea?

Answer 16

the wind pipe

connects the mouth and nose to the lungs. Air passes through the trachea when air is inhaled and exhaled.

Question 17

what are the bronchi?

Answer 17

the left and right bronchi are tubes that branch off the trachea into the lungs.

Question 18

what are the bronchioles?

Answer 18

these are the smaller tubes that branch off the bronchi in the lungs

Question 19

what are the alveoli?

Answer 19

tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles. Filled with capillaries, once inflated, oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged here

Question 20

what are pleural membranes?

Answer 20

cover the surface of the lung. fluid in between the layers allows movement of the lung during breathing

Question 21

what are intercostal muscles?

Answer 21

A group of muscles located between the ribs. They contract to lift the lungs up during inhaling and relax when exhaling

Question 22

what is the diaphragm?

Answer 22

a muscle located at the bottom of the lungs. seperates the chest from the abdomen. when it contracts it opens up the space in the chest cavity- forcing air into lungs- when it relaxes it squeeze the air out of lungs.

Question 23

what is gaseous exchange?

Answer 23

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the capillaries in the alveoli

Question 24

What are diffusion gradients?

Answer 24

Movement of molecules from a high concentration to an area of low concentration. Happens in the alveoli during gaseous exchange

Question 25

What is the role of glucose in respiration?

Answer 25

A sugar called glucose is broken down from food. It is broken down into water and carbon dioxide and it is this process that creates energy

Question 26

What is the function of ATP?

Answer 26

It is a high energy molecule found it every cell. It supplies the cells with the energy needs

Question 27

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Answer 27

Aerobic- uses oxygen

Anaerobic- does not use oxygen

Question 28

What are the causes of asthma?

Answer 28

Unknown cause

Triggers: pollen, smoke, exercise, dust, damp

Question 29

What are the symptoms and effects of asthma?

Answer 29

Breathlessness 
Tightness of chest
Wheezing
Blue lips
Coughing

Question 30

What are the symptoms and effects of emphysema ?

Answer 30

Shortness of breath

Frequent coughs

Question 31

What are the causes of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 31

Genetic. Recessive genes so both parents need to be carriers. Inability to remove mucus properly from lungs. Cilia not strong enough because mucus is thick. Leads to regular infections of the lung

Question 32

What are the symptoms and effects of cystic fibrosis?

Answer 32

Recurring chest infections
Regular physiotherapy
Shorter life expectancy