respiratory system Flashcards

1
Q

describe homeostatic functions of the lung. (4)

  1. gas exchange occurs…
A
  1. between atmosphere and blood to provide oxygen to tissues and remove CO2 generated in oxidative metabolisation

O2 + food =CO2 = HO2 +APT

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2
Q
  1. regulates body PH by
A

retaining or eliminating CO2

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3
Q
  1. controls blood pressure
A

through the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2

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4
Q

airflow occurs by

A

bulk flow

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5
Q

airflow occurs by

A

bulk flow i.e.
high pressure to low pressure

(1r to the 4th power)

F=(P1-P2)/R

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6
Q

lung connected to chest wall by

A

pleura

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7
Q

describe conducting zone (4)

A
  1. leads from outside body to inside lungs
  2. nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchus and bronchioles
  3. total volume 150ml
  4. anatomical dead space
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8
Q

respiratory zone

A
  1. gas exchange
  2. bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli
  3. 3 litre volume
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9
Q

3 types of cells in lungs

A

TYPE 1- thin epithelial cells that line 90% of alveoli surface area. gas diffuses across these cells and into blood

TYPE 2- synthesise, secrete and metabolise alveolar surfactant, a lipid rich substance that prevents lungs from collapsing

ALVEOLAR MACRROPHAGES - the clean-up cells, attracted to infection, trauma or inhaled particles

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10
Q

PA

A

pressure in alveoli

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11
Q

Patm

A

atmospheric pressure

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12
Q

pressure in breathing

A

air flows into the mouth until PA=Patm

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13
Q

normal ventilation rate

A

10-18 breaths per min

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14
Q

ventilation rate controlled by

A

medulla oblongata

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15
Q

FRC

A

functional residual capacity

resting volume of lung and chest wall 2.5 litres

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16
Q

RV

A

residual volume

air left after maximal exhalation (1.5l)

25% of TLC

17
Q

TV

A

tidal volume

air inhaled/exhaled each breath .5 l (females 20-25%less)

18
Q

ERV

A

expiratory reserve volume

maximal exhalation volume from resting exhalation level (1 Litre in males)

19
Q

IRV

A

volume of air that can be inspired after normal insipiration (3 Litres in males)

20
Q

IC

A

Inspiratiory Capacity

Maximal volumme of air tha can be inspired from resting level 3.5 litres

21
Q

VC

A

Vital Capacity

maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after maximal inspiration

22
Q

TLC

A

Total Lung Capacity

Volume in lungs at end of maximal inhalation 6 litres

23
Q

Lung Compliance

A

stretchability of lung for any 1 cm change in pressure

determined by elastic tissue in lung and surface tension generated at water-air interfaces withing alveoli