Respiratory System

Question 1

Explain what cellular respiration is and where it takes place?

Answer 1

Oxygen and glucose are carried in the blood and around the body, they combine to produce energy for every metabolic reaction in every cell. Water, carbon dioxide and energy are produced. Carbon dioxide is toxic and is therefore exhaled.

Question 2

Write a word equation for cellular respiration?

Answer 2

OXYGEN + GLUCOSE -> CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER + ENERGY

Question 3

Name the system which supplies oxygen to cells?

Answer 3

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Question 4

Name the system which supplies glucose to the cells?

Answer 4

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Question 5

Order in which air passes through the body?

Answer 5

• Nasal Cavity and mouth
• Trachea
• Bronchus
• Bronchioles
• Alveoli

Question 6

Describe how the air that is breathed in is cleaned and filtered as it passes through the respiratory system?

Answer 6

The goblet cells produce mucus which trap any dust or pathogens. The cilia cells beat constantly and help to get rid of the dust and pathogens. The both clean and filter the air from dust and pathogens.

Question 7

Name the part of the respiratory system where gas exchange takes place? Describe it?

Answer 7

ALVEOLI
Oxygen from the dissolves in the moist surface of the alveoli. The oxygen moves by diffusion across the wall of the alveolus into the blood capillary. The blood carries the oxygen away. Carbon dioxide moves from the blood stream through the wall of the alveolus into the air inside the alveolus. The air is then breathed out.

Question 8

What is Diffusion?

Answer 8

The movement of molecules/particles from a high concentration to a low concentration, e.g. during gas exchange oxygen moved from a high concentration in alveoli to a low concentration in the capillaries.

Question 9

Explain some of the features that make the diffusion of gases quicker and more efficient in the lungs?

Answer 9

• Capillary walls are only one cell thick.
• Walls of the alveoli are also very thin.
• Walls of the alveoli are moist and warm so gases diffuse quicker.
• There are many alveoli which increases the surface area available for diffusion.

Question 10

What is the name for the red pigment that binds to the oxygen?

Answer 10

Haemoglobin.

Question 11

What is the word used to describe blood that is rich in oxygen and blood that is not rich in oxygen?

Answer 11

Oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 12

What happens when breathing in?

Answer 12

Ribs move upwards and outwards, diaphragm moves downwards, volume increases, pressure decreases, air moves in and lungs linflate.

Question 13

What happens when breathing out?

Answer 13

Ribs move downwards and inwards, diaphragm returns to original dome shape, volume decreases, pressure increases, air moves out and lungs deflate.

Question 14

What circuit takes blood from the heart and around the body?

Answer 14

Systemic Circuit.

Question 15

Why are there two different circulatory systems?

Answer 15

So the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood don’t mix.

Question 16

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest walls? Why?

Answer 16

The LEFT VENTRICLE has a thicker wall as it has to pump blood around the body. the right ventricle only needs to pump blood to the lungs.

Question 17

What is the function of the valves in the circulatory system? What happens if they don’t work efficiently?

Answer 17

The valves prevent blood flowing backwards. In the legs might cause varicose veins. In the heart it might cause a heart murmur.

Question 18

Why does the heart have two sides for pumping blood?

Answer 18

So that oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood don’t mix. They are always separate.

Question 19

Why are there millions of tiny air sacs rather than big ones for air?

Answer 19

This increases the surface area compared to one large bag, so diffusion is quicker and more efficient.

Question 20

Name 3 major parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 20

The Heart, Blood Vessels and Blood.

Question 21

Are there any arteries that carry deoxygenated blood, or veins that carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 21

Yes, the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood and the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

Question 22

Describe a way in which blood is helped move from the lower legs back to the heart?

Answer 22

Blood is pushed back up to the heart by the contraction of the muscles of your body pressing against the veins. To makes sure that the blood flows in one direction only, there are valves along the length of veins.

Question 23

Why can a pulse be felt only in arteries and not in veins?

Answer 23

The arteries are the vessels that lead from the heart. When the heart squeezes (beats) the blood is forced out into the arteries causing an increase in pressure. This pressure increase is what you feel as the pulse. The pressure of the heartbeat is lost as the blood flows through the very narrow capillaries.

Question 24

Describe the Structure of the arteries, veins and capillaries related to their function.

Answer 24

To be able to withstand the pressure, the walls of the arteries need to be tough and elastic; bouncing back into shape after each beat so they have a large ring of muscle and elastic layer. The pressure of the heartbeat is lost as the blood flows through the very narrow capillaries, so the veins do not need thick muscular walls like the arteries do. However, the veins need valves to prevent backflow of blood and a large lumen so there in less resistance to blood flow back to the heart. Capillaries walls are only one cell thick. This allows dissolved materials to pass through them.

Question 25

Why does your blood move much more slowly in the veins than in arteries?

Answer 25

The Blood pressure from the heart contracting has been lost. Blood from the arteries is “pushed” when the heart contracts but all this pressure is lost in the capillaries.

Question 26

Why are valves only in the veins?

Answer 26

So they can stop backflow and ensures that the blood travels in one direction. There is no need for there to be valves in the arteries as the blood is pushed forward when the heart contracts at high pressure.

Question 27

Red Blood Cells?

Answer 27

Transport oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells to lungs.

Question 28

White Blood Cells?

Answer 28

Part of the immune system that helps fight disease.

Question 29

Platelets?

Answer 29

Tiny fragments of cells the assist in blood clotting.

Question 30

Plasma?

Answer 30

The liquid part of the blood that transports dissolved food and waste.

Question 31

What does a red blood cell do?

Answer 31

They carry oxygen for respiration to make energy.

Question 32

What colour are Red Blood Cells?

Answer 32

They are bright red in colour due to oxyhaemoglobin.

Question 33

What is the number of chromosomes in sex cells?

Answer 33

23 chromosomes in the gametes and 44 autosomal chromosomes. Total of 46

Question 34

What is the genotype of a a normal of a normal cell of a female and a male?

Answer 34

XX for female or an XY if a male.

Question 35

What are the following? BB, bb and Bb?

Answer 35

BB- homozygous dominant
bb- homozygous recessive
Bb- heterozygous

Question 36

Explain the term “carrier” means?

Answer 36

A carrier is a person who carries the gene for that trait but does not display it. Carries have a heterozygous genotype.