Respiratory System Flashcards
- Name the organs (in order) and their basic functions included in the respiratory system.
1.Nasal cavity (passageway & warm, moisturize & filter air) Pharynx, Larynx (passageway & voice), Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles & Alveoli in Lungs (exchange in alveoli)
- Name the bones forming the floor, roof, and walls of the nasal cavity.
2.Palatine process of maxilla & palatine (=hard palate); Nasal & frontal & ethmoid & sphenoid; Maxillae and Nasal Conchae
- Name the bones (and cartilage) forming the nasal septum.
3.Vomer & perpendicular plate of ethmoid
- Define a paranasal sinus.
4.Hollowed cavity in skull bone that communicates with nasal cavity. Frontal, Maxilla, Ethmoid & Sphenoid bones have a sinus. Sinuses serve to make mucus, lighten the skull and resonate sound
- Name the 3 conchae and the grooves between them.
5.Superior, Middle (medial) & Inferior Conchae with Superior, Middle, Inferior Meatuses
- Describe the boundaries for each of the 3 parts of the pharynx.
6.Nasopharynx is internal nares to soft palate; Oropharynx is soft palate to hyoid; Laryngopharynx is hyoid to larynx.
- Locate the tonsils in the pharynx.
7.Nasopharynx houses the pharyngeal tonsil = adenoid; while the Oropharynx houses the lingual & palatine tonsils
- Describe the function of tonsils.
8.Lymphatic function, trapping microorganisms, making lymphocytes, fighting infection
- Define uvula and adenoid.
9.Uvula is also lymphatic tissue hanging from soft palate. Adenoids are the pharyngeal tonsils
- Identify the location of the openings to the eustachian tubes.
10.Eustachian = Auditory tubes are found between nasopharynx and middle ear.
- Name the 9 cartilages of the larynx.
11.2 arytenoids, 2 cuneiforms, 2 corniculates, epiglottis, cricoid, thyroid
- Describe the function of the epiglottis.
12.Prevents choking - closes glottis when swallowing
- Describe how sound is produced for our voices. What is the function of the ventricular folds?
13.As you exhale, the air vibrates the vocal cords. You have muscles to make the vocal cords tighter (higher tones) or looser (lower tones) and you have resonating chambers in nasal cavity & sinuses as well as tongue and lips for enunciation
- Name the tissue that the trachea is made of.
14.Incomplete cartilaginous rings
- Define carina.
15.Inferior end of trachea
- Describe the distribution of cartilage and smooth muscle in the bronchial tree.
16.As you descend the bronchial tree, the amount of cartilage decreases and amount of smooth muscle increases.
- How many lung lobes in each human lung?
17.Three-right; two-left
- Describe the mediastinum.
18.Membranous tissue surrounding all thoracic organs except lungs.
- Define visceral and parietal pleura and pleural cavity.
19.Visceral pleura is shiny covering of lungs, parietal pleura is shiny lining of thoracic cavity & pleural cavity is between the two.
- Define alveoli.
20.Microscopic air sacs in lungs that are where diffusion (exchanges of gases) occurs with blood vessels.
- Describe the alveolar-capillary membrane.
21.One cell layer for each - very thin
- Describe where and how gas (CO2 & O2) exchange takes place.
22.Alveoli, diffusion
- Describe the overall function of the respiratory system.
23.Ventilation & gas exchange
- Explain Boyle’s Law.
24.Given a closed container, the pressure inside is inversely proportional to the size of the container.